Kupa masosi anowanikwa emagetsi ndeimwe yezvinetso zvakakosha kwezana rino. Nzvimbo dzekutsvaga munzvimbo dzekukohwa kwesimba dzinokohwa kubva pane ichi kukurudzira, kusanganisira thrmoectric1, phevoltaic2 uye thermophotevoltaics3. Kunyangwe isu tichishayiwa zvinhu uye zvishandiso zvinokwanisa kukohwa simba mune iyo Joule Rangen, Pyroelectric zvinhu zvinogona kushandura simba remagetsi mukudziya kwesimbexs Pano takagadzira macroscopic inokohwa simba rekukohwa simba muchimiro chehuwandu hwemagariro akagadzirwa nemakumi mana emakiromita ezvinyorwa, achigadzira 11.2 J yemagetsi simba paTroRMudynamic kutenderera. Imwe neimwe pyroelectric module inogona kuburitsa emagetsi simba density kusvika 4.43 J cm-3 paThitatu. Isu tinoratidzawo kuti ma module maviri akadai anoyera 0.3 g akakwana kuti arambe achizvivako simba emagetsi emagetsi anokohwiwa necrocontrollers uye tembiricha sensors. Chekupedzisira, tinoratidza kuti kune tembiricha yegumi negumi k, aya multilayer capacitors inogona kusvika 40% carnot yekubudirira. Izvi zvivakwa zvinokonzerwa ne (1) Ferroelectric phase shanduko yekunyanyisa kugona, (2) Low Laakage yazvino kudzivirira kurasikirwa, uye (3) yakakwira kuputsa voltage. Aya macroscopic, anowedzera uye anoshanda Pyroelectric emawaunzi ekukohwa orgMectric simba chizvarwa.
Kuenzaniswa neiyo spatial tembiricha inodikanwa inodiwa yeTermoelectric zvinhu, kukohwa kwesimba kweiyo armelectric zvinhu zvinoda kupisa kwekutenderera nekufamba kwenguva. Izvi zvinoreva thermodynamic kutenderera, iyo inonyatsotsanangurwa neiyo entropy (s) -Temperature (t) dhizaini. Mufananidzo 1A unoratidza chinhu chakajairwa soft pyroelear Zvikamu zvebhuruu uye zvakasvibira zvechiteshi pane st Diagram zvinoenderana nesimba rakashandurwa remagetsi muOlson kutenderera (maviri isothermal uye maviri eSopole zvikamu). Pano isu tinofunga nezve cycle mbiri neiyo imwecheteyo yemagetsi emagetsi shanduko (munda nekubva) uye tembiricha yekuchinja δt, albeit ine tembiricha yekutanga. Iyo Green Cycle haina kuwanikwa mudunhu rekuchinja uye nekudaro rine nzvimbo diki kwazvo kupfuura yebhuruu inotenderera inowanikwa munharaunda yekutenderera. Mune iyo st diagram, iyo yakakura nzvimbo, yakakura kwazvo simba rakaunganidzwa. Naizvozvo, iyo chikamu chinoshanduka chinofanira kuunganidza mamwe simba. Kudikanwa kweKukuru Kwekukomba kweNLP kwakafanana chaizvo nekudiwa kweMagetsi mashandisirwo 9, 10, 11 kutonhora mamiriro ekuita mukutenderera 13,14,16. Naizvozvo, isu takaratidza kuti PST MLCS yekufarira yekukohwa kwesimba kwesimba. Aya samples akatsanangurwa zvizere munzira uye anoratidzwa mune zvekuwedzera zvinyorwa 1 (Scanning Electron microscopy), 2 (x-ray difrction) uye 3 (calorimetry).
A, sketch yeiyo entropy (s) -temperarature (t) rirongwa nemunda wemagetsi uchibva uye wobva waiswa kune zvigadzirwa zveNLP kuratidza chikamu chinoratidza transitions. Maviri esimba rekuunganidza matanho anoratidzwa mumatunhu maviri akasiyana ekupisa. Iyo yebhuruu uye yakasvibira maCheki inoitika mukati uye kunze kwechikamu chinoshandurwa, zvakateerana, uye magumo munzvimbo dzakasiyana kwazvo dzepasi. b, maviri e pst mlc unipolar unipolar mhete, 1 mm goup, yakayerwa pakati pegumi ne155 kV cm-1 pa 20 ° C uye 90 ° C, zvichiteerana, uye zvinoenderana neyakaenderana. Mavara abcd anoreva kune dzakasiyana nyika muOlson kutenderera. AB: MLCs zvakapihwa basa rekuti 155 kV cm-1 pa 20 ° C. BC: MLC yakachengetwa pa155 KV cm-1 uye tembiricha yakamutswa kusvika 90 ° C. CD: MLC anodzinga pa 90 ° C. DA: MLC yakaiswa kusvika ku20 ° C mu zero munda. Iyo nzvimbo yebhuruu inoenderana neyekuisa simba rinodiwa kuti utange kutenderera. Iyo nzvimbo yeorenji ndiyo simba rinounganidzwa mune imwe kutenderera. c, yepamusoro panel, voltage (dema) uye zvazvino (zvitsvuku) nguva dzakasiyana, yakatsanangurwa panguva yakafanana neye Olson kutenderera seB. Iwo maviri mainests anomiririra kukwidziridzwa kweiyo voltage uye ikozvino kune zvakakosha mapoinzi mune kutenderera. Mune iyo yepazasi pane yepazasi, yero uye yakasvibira curves inomiririra tembiricha inoenderana uye simba curves, zvakateerana, kune 1 mm gobvu mlc. Simba rinoverengwa kubva kune yazvino uye voltage curves pane yepamusoro panel. Simba risina kunaka rinoenderana nesimba rakaunganidzwa. Nhanho dzinoenderana nemavara makuru mune nhamba ina yakafanana neye Olson kutenderera. Iyo cycle ab'cd inoenderana neyekutsvaira kutenderera (imwe tsamba 7).
Iko e uye d iwo magetsi emunda uye emagetsi emunda munda, zvichiteerana. Nd inogona kuwanikwa isina kunanga kubva ku de circuit (fig. 1b) kana zvakananga nekutangira iyo thermodynamic kutenderera. Nzira dzinobatsira kwazvo dzakarondedzerwa neOlen mumupiye piyona payiyambo pakuunganidza pyroelectric simba kuma1980s17.
PaPigi. 1B inoratidza maviri monopar de loops of 1 mm tsick pst-mlc fungidzira post Aya maCyle maviri anogona kushandiswa kune zvisina kunanga kuverenga simba rinounganidzwa neOlson kutenderera kwakaratidzwa mumufananidzo 1a. Muchokwadi, kutenderera kweOlen kune matavi maviri eIsofield (Pano, zero munda mubazi reDa uye 155 muBazi reBC CMPE (Pano, 20 ° ° ° p. C muCD bazi) iyo simba rakaunganidzwa panguva yekutenderera inoenderana nematunhu eorenji uye yebhuruu (edd inokatyamadza). Iyo yakaunganidzwa simba nd ndiwo musiyano uripo pakati pekupinda uye kubuda simba, kureva chete nzvimbo yeorenji mu fig. 1b. Iyi chaiyo olson kutenderera inopa iyo ND simba density ye1,78 J cm-3. Kutenderera kunosimudzira inzira kune iyo Olson kutenderera (Supplementary noti 7). Nekuti iyo yekugara ichipomerera chikamu (yakavhurika dunhu) inonyanya kusvikwa, iyo simba density inobviswa kubva ku fig. 1b (kutenderera AB'cd) inosvika 1.25 j cm-3. Izvi zvinongova makumi manomwe muzana zvezvakangoita kuti kudengenyeka kweOlson kunogona kuunganidza, asi zvishandiso zviri nyore zvinozviita.
Mukuwedzera, isu takayera zvakananga simba rakapindurwa panguva yeOlson kutenderera nekutsiva iyo PST mlc uchishandisa linkam tembiricha ekudzora ekudzora nhanho uye sosi yemamita (nzira). Mufananidzo 1c kumusoro uye mune iyo insets Insetsiridze iyo iripo (Tsvuku) uye voltage (dema) yakaunganidzwa pane imwechete 1 mm tsick pst Iyo yazvino uye voltage inoita kuti zviitike kuverenga simba rakaunganidzwa, uye ma curves anoratidzwa muPi. 1c, pazasi (girini) uye tembiricha (yero) mukati meiyo kutenderera. Tsamba imbd dzinomiririra zvakafanana olson kutenderera muTid. 1. MLC Charzing inoitika panguva yeAB Gumbo uye inoitwa pane yakaderera ikozvino (200 μA), saka sosi inokonzeresa kubhadharisa zvakanaka. Mhedzisiro yeiyi nguva yekugara iripo ndeyekuti iyo voltage curve (dema curve) haina mutsara nekuda kweiyo isina-mutsara ingangoita munda Pakupera kwekubhadhara, 30 mj yemagetsi simba inochengeterwa muMLC (point b). Iyo mlc inobva yaenda kumusoro uye yakaipa iripo Iyo voltage pane iyo mlc (cd bazi cd) inozoderedzwa, zvichikonzera kuwedzera makumi matanhatu emamita yebasa remagetsi. Iyo yakazara yekubuda simba ndeye 95 mj. Simba rakaunganidzwa musiyano uripo pakati peiyo yekuisa uye yekubuda simba, iyo inopa 95 - 30 = 65 mj. Izvi zvinoenderana neine simba density ye1,84 j cm-3, iyo iri padyo neND inobviswa kubva kune iyo de. Kuberekerwa kweiyi Olson kutenderera kwave kwakawedzerwa kuedzwa (Supplementary noti 4). Nekuwedzera kuwedzera voltage uye tembiricha, isu takaburitsa 4.43 tichishandisa olSen cycle mu 0.5 mm tsick pst pamusoro pe750 v (195 kv cm-1) uye 175 ° C (STPLEMENARY NZIRA 5). Izvi zvakapetwa kanokwana pane zvekuita zvakanyanyisa zvakataurwa mumabhuku eOlson mafirimu ePB (MG, NB) (pmn-pbtio3 (106 j cm-3) 18 (cm Kuita uku kwasvikwa nekuda kweiyo yakanyanya kuderera yeaya mlcs Kuita uku kwasvikwa nekuda kweiyo yakanyanya kuderera yeaya mlcs Эээ хра хк х б ни ни Примечании 6) - 19 - и отльзовам, исполиееви Aya maitiro akawanikwa nekuda kweiyo yakanyanya kuderera leakage yazvino yeMLCS 19 - Mukupesana nezvigadzirwa zvinoshandiswa muzvidzidzo zvekutanga17,20.由于这些 mlc 的泄漏电流非常低 (× 750 v 和 1850 c 时 <10-7 a, 请参见补充说明 6 中的详细信息) - Smith 等人 19 提到的关键点 - 相比之下, 已经达到了这种性能到早期研究中使用的材料 17,20.由于 这些 mlc 的 非常 (在 在 在 750 v 和 18-7 a, 参见 补充 说明 6 详细 信息)) - 等 人 19 提到 相比之下 相比之下 相比之下 相比之下 相比之下 相比之下 相比之下 相比之下 相比之下 相比之下 相比之下 相比之下相比之下, 已经达到了这种性能到早期研究中使用的材料 17.20. Ос оск н ... уПомяннуутый смитом м р. 19 - для савния, были достигуты этирири Sezvo leakge iripo yeaya mlcs yakaderera kwazvo (<10-7 a pa750 v uye 180 ° C, ona Supplementary Cherekedza 6 kuti uwane ruzivo) - Pfungwa Inokosha yakataurwa na smith et al. 19 - Kuti uenzanise, izvi zviitiko zvakawanikwa.kune zvigadzirwa zvinoshandiswa mune zvekutanga zvidzidzo 17,20.
Mamiriro ezvinhu akafanana (600 v, 20-90 ° C) anoshandiswa kune iyo inotyisa kutenderera (Supplementary noti 7). Sezvinotarisirwa kubva pamhedzisiro yeDet Citle, goho raive 41.0 mj. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokatyamadza zvezvinhu zvinokatyamadza cycle ndiko kugona kwavo kukwidzirisa vhoti yekutanga kuburikidza neiyo armoelectric. Takaona kukora kwekuvhiya kusvika 39 (kubva kune yekutanga voltage ye15 v kusvika kumagumo voltage inosvika 590 v, ona Supplementary Fig. 7.2).
Chimwe chinosiyiso chinhu ichi mlcs ndechekuti ivo macroscopic zvinhu zvakakura zvakakwana kuti vatore simba mune iyo joule range. Naizvozvo, isu takavaka hurukuro yerwendo (Harv1) tichishandisa 28 mmlc PST 1 mm Unganidza kusvika ku 3.1 J uchishandisa Olson kutenderera kwakatsanangurwa muPi. 2A, isothermal matunhu ku10 ° C uye 125 ° C uye isoficed matunhu ku 0 na750 v (195 kv cm-1). Izvi zvinoenderana neine simba density ye 3.14 j cm-3. Uchishandisa ichi kusangana, zviyero zvakatorwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana (Fig. 2b). Ona kuti 1.8 J yakawanikwa pamusoro pekushisa kwehuwandu hwe80 ° C uye voltage ye600 v (155 kv cm-1). Izvi zviri muchibvumirano chakanaka neiyo yakambotaurwa 65 mj ye1 mm tsick pst mumamiriro akafanana (28 × 65 = 1820 mj).
A, yekuyedza setup yeiyo protelble yeHarv1 prototype yakavakirwa pa 28 mlc psts 1 mm gobvu (4 mitsara Kune imwe neimwe yematanho mana ekutenderera, tembiricha uye voltage inopihwa mune prototype. Komputa inodhonza pombi yepasirese inotenderera iyo dielectric fluid pakati pekutonhora uye inopisa dzimba, mavhavha maviri, uye sosi yemasimba. Komputa iyi inoshandisawo thermocouples kutora data pane voltage uye ikozvino inopihwa kune prototype uye tembiricha yekubatanidza kubva kune simba rekuisa. b, simba (ruvara) yakaunganidzwa neyedu 4
Iyo yakakura vhezheni yekukohwa (Harv2) ine 60 pst mlc 1 mm gobvu uye 160 pst mlc 0.5 mm tsick (41.7 g inoshanda pyroelectric zvinhu) yakapa 11,2 J (J (WOFPLEMENTAYARTERY SEX 8). Muna 1984, olsen yakawana kukohwa kwesimba kwakaita muna 317 g ye tin-dipped pb (zr, ti) compound inokwanisa kuburitsa 6.23 j yemagetsi tembiricha yeanenge 150 ° C (Ref. 21). Nekuti ichi chibatanidza, iyi ndiyo chete imwe kukosha inowanikwa mune iyo Joule range. Yangosvika hafu yehafu kukosha kwatakawana uye kunenge kanomwe kunaka. Izvi zvinoreva kuti simba reHarv2 ndiyo nguva gumi nematatu kumusoro.
Iyo Harv1 nguva yekutenderera ndeye 57 masekondi. Izvi zvakaburitsa 54 mW Simba ne4 mitsara yemakoramu manomwe e1 mm gobvu mlc seti. Kuti uzviregedze imwe nhanho mberi, takavaka yechitatu kubatanidzwa (Harv3) ine 0.5mm tsick pst Isu takayera nguva yekudzidzisa yemakumi mairi nemaviri. Izvi zvinoenderana nenguva yekufamba kwe25 s (yekuwedzera fig. 9). Simba rakaunganidzwa (47 mj) rinopa simba remagetsi re1.95 MW paMLC, iro rinotitendera kuti tifunge kuti Harv2 inogadzira 0.55 w (anenge 1.95 mw × 280 pst mlc 0.5 mm gobvu). Mukuwedzera, isu takatemerwa kupisa kuchinjisa uchishandisa Finite Element Simulation (Comsol, Supplementary Cherekedza 10 uye Supplementary Matafura 2-4) Inoenderana neHarv1 kuedza. Finite Element Modeling yakaita kuti ifanane nekufungidzira kwesimba kweiyo hukuru hwekukura × 4 Makoramu (kuwedzera kune, maive 960 mw apo tangi iri pedyo nekubatanidza, kuwedzera fig. 10b).
Kuti aratidze kubatsira kweiyi Collector, kutenderera kwakamira kwakaiswa kune imwe chete miganhu inosanganisira maviri ekudzivirira, dc / dc converter, microcomputer Dunhu rinoda zvekuchengetera mari kuti vatange vapomedzerwa pa9V uyezve vanomhanya vachizvishingisa nedzimwe mlcs mlcs. Zvinoshamisa kuti, mlcs mbiri dzinoyera chete 0,3g rinogona kuzvidzora basa iri rakakura. Chimwe chinhu chinonakidza ndechekuti iyo yakaderera voltage inotendeuka inoshandura 400V kusvika ku10-15V ine 79% Kubudirira (Supplementary Cherechedzo 11 uye Yekuwedzera Mufananidzo 11.3).
Pakupedzisira, takaongorora kugona kweizvi mlc modules mukushandura simba rinopisa kuita simba remagetsi. Chimiro chemhando yepamusoro chinotsanangurwa sechiitiko chekuremara kwesimba remagetsi rakaunganidzwa ndakatanga dent qin
Mifananidzo 3A, B Ratidza Kubudirira η uye kuenderana nekubudirira kwechiitiko cheOlen kutenderera, zvichiteerana, sebasa rekushisa kwe 0.5 mm tsick pst mlc. Zvese zvigadziro zve data zvinopihwa kune emagetsi shamba ye195 kV cm-1. Kubudirira \ (IZVI \) inosvika 1.43%, iyo yakaenzana ne 18% yeITr. Nekudaro, kune tembiricha yegumi negumi k kubva pa25 ° C kusvika 35 ° C, η inosvika masero kusvika makumi mana muzana (yebhuruu curve mu fig. 3b). Izvi zvakapetwa kaviri kukosha kweNLP zvinyorwa muPMN-pt Mafirimu (η = 19%) mune tembiricha renji yegumi negumi negumi-1 (Ref. 18). Tembiricha iri pazasi pegumi ka isina kutariswa nekuti iyo inopisa hystesis yePST mlc iri pakati pe5 ne8 K. Kuzivikanwa kwemhedzisiro yezvechikamu chekushandurwa kwechiitiko pane kushanda zvakanaka. Muchokwadi, tsika dzakaringana dze 3a, b. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nechikamu chepedyo chinotendeuka kana pasina munda waishandiswa uye iyo curie tembiricha tc yakatenderedza makumi maviri
a, b, hunyanzvi uye hunyanzvi hwekubudirira kweOlson kutenderera (a) \ (\ eta}} kune}} Zvichienderana nedzimba rekupisa δtspan.
Kuongorora kwekupedzisira kune zvinhu zviviri zvakakoshesa: (2) Izvi zvinhu zvinobudirira zvakanyanya panguva dzekumhanya padyo neTC. Kunyangwe hazvo-scal-scals isiratidzwi mukuedza kwedu, iyo shoma tembiricha haina kutitendera kuti tiwane kusakwana kwakakura kusakwana nekuda kweiyo carnoter ganhuro (\ (\ delta t / t \). Nekudaro, kugona kwakanyanya kuratidzwa neiyi pst mlcs vanoratidzira olen paanotaura kuti "akakodzera kirasi 20 yezenyere motor pakati pe50 ° C inogona kuita zvakanaka ye30%" 17. Kuti usvike izvi kukosha uye kuyedza pfungwa yacho, zvingave zvinobatsira kushandisa pedped psts neTC akasiyana, sezvakadzidzwa naShebanov uye Borman. Vakaratidza kuti TC muPST inogona kusiyana kubva ku3 ° C (SB Disping) kusvika 33 ° C (ti Disping) 22. Naizvozvo, isu tinofungidzira kuti gare gare vechizvarwa pyroelectric varairidzi vanodzvanywa pst mlcs kana zvimwe zvinhu zvine chekuita neyakajaira chikamu cheshanduko chinogona kukwikwidza nevako vane simba vanokohwa.
Muchidzidzo ichi, taidzidzira mlcs yakagadzirwa kubva pst. Midziyo iyi ine dzakateedzana yePT uye PST ele ele ele ele ele ele ele electrodes, nepo akati wandei capacitors yakabatana mukufananidzirwa. PST yakasarudzwa nekuti iyo yakanaka ec ec zvinyorwa uye saka chinhu chinogona kunge chakanakisa NLP zvinhu. Zvinoratidza yekutanga-yekuraira ferroelectric-paraelectric phase inoshanduka-shanduka cuver Muchidzidzo ichi, takashandisa 10.4 × 7.2 × 1 mm³ uye 10.4 × 7.2 × 0.5 mm³ mlcs. MLCS ine gobvu ye1 mm uye 0.5 mm yakagadzirwa kubva 19 uye 9 zvikamu zvePST nebvi re 38.6 μm, zvichiteerana. Muzviitiko zvese izvi, iyo yemukati pst layer yakaiswa pakati pe2,05 μm gobvu rlatinum electrodes. Kugadzirwa kweaya mlcs kunotora kuti 55% yePSS inoshanda, inoenderana nechikamu pakati peElectrodes (Supplementary Cherechedzo 1). Iyo inoshanda yeElectrode nzvimbo yaive 48.7 mm2 (Supplementary tafura 5). MLC PST YAKAITWA NEMAHARA CHETE CALSICE CICISE uye Casting Nzira. Nhoroondo dzegadziriro yekugadzirira yakatsanangurwa muchinyorwa chakapfuura14. Imwe yemisiyano pakati pePST MLC uye iyo yapfuura chinyorwa ndiyo yakarongeka yeB-sites, iyo inobata zvakanyanya kuita kweEC muPST. Kurongeka kweB-Sites yePST MLC ndeye 0.75 (Supplementary Cherechedzo 2) Inowanikwa nekuchinjisa pa1400 ° an ° C. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezvePST MLC, ona Supplementary Zvinyorwa 1-3 uye Supplementary tafura 5.
Pfungwa huru yeiyi ongororo inoenderana neOlson kutenderera (Fig. 1). Kune kutenderera kwakadaro, isu tinoda Reservo inopisa uye inotonhora uye yekuisa simba inokwanisa kuongorora uye kudzora voltage uye yazvino mune dzakasiyana siyana mlc modules. Iyi nzira dzakananga dzinoshandisa maviri akasiyana emahara, zvinonzi Muchiitiko chekupedzisira, dielectric fluid (silitone mafuta ane viscosity ye5 CP pa25 ° C, yakatengwa kubva kuSigma Aldrich Iyo yekududzira yemari ine ine girazi mudziyo wakazadzwa ne dielectric fluid uye yakaiswa pamusoro peiyo thermal ndiro. Kuchengetedza kunotonhora kunosanganisira yekugezera yemvura nemvura machubhu ine dielectric fluid mumudziyo muhombe wakazadzwa nemvura uye chando. Maviri matatu-nzira Pinch mavharuvhu Kuve nechokwadi chekuwedzera kuenzana pakati pePST-MLC package uye iyo inotonhorera, nguva yekutenderera yakawedzerwa kusvikira iyo inret uye inovhara sezvinobvira kune iyo pst-mlc package) yakaratidza tembiricha imwe. Iyo Python Script inobata uye inowirirana nezviridzwa zvese (membizi, mapombi, uye maColors,
Neimwe nzira, isu takasimbisa zviyero izvi zvakananga zvemagetsi zvakaunganidzwa neunyanzvi nzira. Iyi nzira isina kunanga yakavakirwa paMagetsi yekuparadzira mumufananidzo 2. .1b. Izvi zvinoshatiswa zvakare zvinounganidzwa zvakare uchishandisa keithley sosi metres.
Makumi maviri nemasere 1 mm tsick pst mlcs akaunganidzwa mumutsara 4-mutsetse, 7-column zvakafanana plate chimiro maererano neiyo dhizaini inotsanangurwa. 14 Izvi zvinowanikwa nekuwedzera mitsetse yematehwe maviri-mativi seyemvura spageji kumativi eiyo pst mlc. Iyo PST MLC inobatana magetsi mukuenzanisa ne sirivha yepoxy bridge inosangana neyemagetsi inotungamira. Mushure meizvozvo, Wires akavezwa neesirivheri epoxy resin kuenda kudivi rega rezvematare eElectrode nekuda kwekubatana kwemagetsi. Pakupedzisira, isa iyo yese chimiro muPolyolefin Hose. Iyo yekupedzisira yakatemwa kune iyo fluid tube kuti ive nechokwadi chisimbiso chakakodzera. Pakupedzisira, 0.25 mm gobvu K-mhando thermocouples yakavakirwa mugumo wega wega wePST-MLC chimiro chekutarisa mvura yekudziya uye yekubuda kwemvura tembiricha. Kuti uite izvi, hosyi inofanira kutanga atsakatiswa. Mushure mekuisa iyo thermocouple, shandisa iyo inonamatira sepamberi pakati peTrmocouple Hose uye waya kudzoreredza chisimbiso.
Maperembudzi masere akaparadzana akavakwa, mana aive nemakumi mana nemashanu emamita mlc akagoverwa semapurasiti akaenzana nemitsara makumi mashanu, uye ina mm mu3-column ± 5-mutsara wakafanana plate chimiro. Nhamba yakazara yePST yakashandiswa yaive 220 (160 0.5 mm gobvu uye 60 pst mlc 1 mm gobvu). Isu tinodaidza idzi mbiri subunits Harv2_160 neHarv2_60. Iyo yemvura yemvura mune prototype Harv2_160 ine tapes mbiri mbiri-mbiri-mm gobvu ne waya 0.25 mm gobvu pakati pavo. Kune iyo Harv2_60 prototype, isu takadzokorora maitiro akafanana, asi kushandisa 0.38 mm gobvu aire. YeSymmetry, Harv2_160 naHarv2_60 vane yavo yemvura inotenderera, mapombi, macves uye inotonhora denga (Side Vaviri Harv2 Units Govana Reservo Reservoir, A 3 Liter Conter (30 CM X 20 CM X 5 CM) pamapuranga maviri anopisa ane magineti anotenderera. Ese masere ega ega ega extricallecrically mune yakafanana. Iyo Harv2_160 neHarv2_60 Subunits basa panguva imwe chete muOlson kutenderera kwakonzera kukohwi kweine simba re 11.2 J.
Isa 0.5mm Trick PST MLC muPolydoleFin Hose nekaviri sided tepi uye waya pamativi ese maviri kuti vagadzire nzvimbo yekuyerera. Nekuda kwehukuru hwayo diki, prototype yakaiswa padyo neinopisa kana kutonhora reservoir vharuvhu, kuderedza nguva dzekutenderera.
MuPST MLC, munda wemagetsi unogara uchishandiswa nekushandisa voltage inogara ichipfuura neyekuparadza bazi. Nekuda kweizvozvo, iyo yakaipa yekuuraya mari inogadzirwa uye simba inochengeterwa. Mushure mekupfura PST mlc, iyo munda inobviswa Pakupedzisira, neVoltage v = 0 inoshandiswa, iyo MLC PSTS inotonhorera kune yavo yekutanga tembiricha kuitira kuti kutenderera kunogona kutanga zvakare. Panguva ino, simba harisatiunganidzwa. Takamhanya neOlen kutenderera tichishandisa Keithley 2410 Severmeter
Mukukurudzira matanho, PST MLCs akapomerwa mhosva yekukosheswa kwemunda wemagetsi ekutanga Mukukurudzira matanho, PST MLCs akapomerwa mhosva yekukosheswa kwemunda wemagetsi ekutanga Mapeji Mapeji Mapeji Mapeji Mapeji Mapeji Mapeji: W желатл Г Г Г Г Г Г Г Г Г Г Г Г Г Г и холодная температат. Mukukurudzira pst mlc clecle, ivo vakapomerwa mhosva yekukoshesa kwekutanga kwemunda wemagetsi (yekutanga yekodhi yazvino在斯特林循环中, PST MLC 在电压源模式下以初始电场值 (初始电压 VI> 0) 充电, 所需的顺应电流使得充电步骤大约需要 1 秒 (并且收集了足够的点以可靠地计算能量) 和低温. MuThe Master Cycle, iyo PST MLC iri kubhadharwa kune yekutanga madanho emunda В ц → → → → → → → наное требуемый токодатлили тандато тоста нает к (и на энергию) и низмпратрты. Mukutenderera kwekunyepedzera, iyo PST mlc iri kubhadharwa multage Source Mode neiyo Yekutanga Munda weChigetsiPamberi pePST MLC HEAT kumusoro, vhura dunhu nekushandisa kufananidza razvino kweI = 0 ma (iyo yakaderera inoenderana neinobva yedu yekuyera inogona kubata ndeye 10 na). Nekuda kweizvozvo, kubhadharisa kunoramba kuri mupind yeMjk, uye voltage inowedzera seyekuenzanisira semuenzaniso. Hapana simba rinounganidzwa mu ruoko bc nekuti i = 0 ma. Mushure mekusvika pakanyanya tembiricha, iyo voltage muMLT inowedzera (mune dzimwe nguva kanopfuura makumi matatu, Izvo zvakafanana zvazviri tsamba zvinodzoserwa kumamita-sosi. Nekuda kwekuwana kweVoltge, simba rakachengetwa pakudziya kwakanyanya kupfuura izvo zvakapihwa pakutanga kwekutenderera. Nekuda kweizvozvo, simba rinowanikwa nekushandura kupisa kuva magetsi.
Isu takashandisa keithley 2410 swonmeter kuti titarise voltage uye ikozvino yaishandiswa kune iyo pst mlc. Simba rinoenderana rakaverengerwa nekubatanidza chigadzirwa cheVoltage uye zvazvino kuverenga Pane yedu esimba curve, esimba resimba rinoreva simba ratinofanira kupa kune iyo MLC PST, uye maitiro asina kunaka anoreva simba ratinowana kubva kwavari uye saka simba ratakapiwa. Simba rehukama hwedenderedzwa rakapihwa rinotsanangurwa nekukamura simba rakaunganidzwa nenguva yakafanira kutenderera.
Yese data inoburitswa muchinyorwa chikuru kana mune rumwe ruzivo. Tsamba uye zvikumbiro zvezvishandiso zvinofanirwa kutungamirirwa kune kunobva kune iyo kana data data yakapihwa nechinyorwa ichi.
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Isu tinotenda n. Furuswa, y. inoue, uye K. Honda yekubatsira kwavo pakugadzira mlc. Pl, at, yn, aa, jl, kumusoro, vk, ob uye defa, Bridges2021 / MS / 16282302 / Cecoha / Deay.
Dhipatimendi rezvishandiso zvekutsvagisa uye tekinoroji, Luxembourg Institute of Technology (Rondedzero), Belvoir, Luxembourg