Chinhu chemakemikari chine chiratidzo chemakemikari Ni uye atomu nhamba 28. Isimbi chena yesirivha inopenya ine zvidimbu zvegoridhe muruvara rwayo rwesirivha chena. Nickel isimbi inoshanduka, yakaoma uye inonyunguduka. Basa remakemikari renickel yakachena rakakwira zvakanyanya, uye basa iri rinogona kuonekwa muhupfu apo nzvimbo yekumusoro inogadziriswa zvakanyanya, asi simbi yakawanda yenickel inosangana zvishoma nezvishoma nemhepo yakapoteredza nekuti jira rekudzivirira oxide raumbwa pamusoro pezvinhu. Kunyangwe zvakadaro, nekuda kwekushanda kwakakwana pakati penickel neokisijeni, zvichiri kuoma kuwana nickel yesimbi yechisikigo pamusoro penyika. Nickel yechisikigo pamusoro penyika yakavharirwa mumameteorite makuru enickel-iron, nekuti mameteorite haana mukana wekuwana okisijeni kana ari muchadenga. Panyika, nickel iyi yechisikigo inogara ichisanganiswa nesimbi, zvichiratidza kuti ndiyo mhedzisiro huru ye supernova nucleosynthesis. Kazhinji zvinotendwa kuti mukati menyika mune musanganiswa wenickel-iron.
Kushandiswa kwenickel (nickel-iron alloy yechisikigo) kwakatangira kuma3500 BC. Axel Frederick Kronstedt ndiye akatanga kuparadzanisa nickel ndokuitsanangura sechinhu chemakemikari muna 1751, kunyangwe pakutanga akafungidzira nickel ore sechicherwa chemhangura. Zita rekunze renickel rinobva kugoblin ine zita rimwe chete mungano yevacheri vekuGerman (Nickel, yakafanana nezita remadunhurirwa rekuti "Old Nick" redhiabhorosi muchiRungu). . Nzvimbo inodhura zvikuru yenickel iron ore limonite, iyo inowanzova ne1-2% nickel. Zvimwe zvicherwa zvakakosha zvenickel zvinosanganisira pentlandite nepentlandite. Vagadziri vakuru venickel vanosanganisira dunhu reSoderbury muCanada (rinowanzo fungidzirwa kuti idombo remeteorite), New Caledonia muPacific Ocean, uye Norilsk muRussia.
Nekuti nickel inooxidizes zvishoma nezvishoma patembiricha yemumba, inowanzoonekwa seinodzivirira ngura. Nekuda kweizvi, nickel yagara ichishandiswa kubatanidza nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, dzakadai sesimbi (dzakadai sesimbi nemhangura), mukati mezvishandiso zvemakemikari, uye mamwe ma alloys anoda kuchengetedza kupenya kwesirivha (senge nickel sirivha). Inenge 6% yekugadzirwa kwenickel pasi rose ichiri kushandiswa pakugadzira nickel pure inodzivirira ngura. Nickel yaimbova chikamu chemari, asi iyi yakanyanya kutsiviwa nesimbi yakachipa, kunyanya nekuti vamwe vanhu vane allergies yeganda kune nickel. Pasinei neizvi, Britain yakatanga kugadzira mari munickel zvakare muna 2012, pamusoro pekuramba kwevanachiremba veganda.
Nickel ndeimwe yezvinhu zvina chete zvine ferromagnetic patembiricha yemumba. Magneti anogara aripo ane nickel ane simba remagineti pakati pemagineti anogara aripo ane iron nemagineti epasi rare. Nzvimbo yenickel munyika yanhasi inonyanya kukonzerwa nemarudzi akasiyana-siyana e alloys. Inenge 60% yekugadzirwa kwe nickel pasi rose inoshandiswa kugadzira simbi dzakasiyana-siyana dze nickel (kunyanya simbi isina ngura). Mamwe ma alloys akajairika, pamwe nemamwe ma superalloys matsva, anosanganisira kushandiswa kwese kwe nickel pasi rose. Mashandisirwo emakemikari kuita kuti macompounds ave pasi pe3 muzana yekugadzirwa kwe nickel. Se compound, nickel ine mashandisirwo akati wandei chaiwo mukugadzira makemikari, semuenzaniso se catalyst ye hydrogenation reactions. Ma enzymes emamwe ma microorganisms nemiti anoshandisa nickel senzvimbo inoshanda, saka nickel chinhu chakakosha kwavari. [1]