Chinhu chemakemikari chine chiratidzo chemakemikari Ni uye atomiki nhamba 28. Isimbi inopenya yesirivha chena ine majee egoridhe muruvara rwayo ruchena rwesirivha. Nickel isimbi inoshandura, yakaoma uye ductile. Kemikemikari yenickel yakachena yakakwira zvakanyanya, uye chiitiko ichi chinogona kuvonekwa munzvimbo yehupfu apo nzvimbo inodzoreredza inokwidziridzwa, asi iyo yakawanda nickel simbi inobata zvishoma nezvishoma nemhepo yakatenderedza nekuti dhizaini rekudzivirira oxide rakaumbwa pamusoro. . zvinhu. Kunyangwe zvakadaro, nekuda kwekuita kwakaringana pakati penickel neokisijeni, zvichiri kunetsa kuwana natural metallic nickel pamusoro penyika. Nickel yakasikwa iri pamusoro penyika yakavharirwa mune yakakura nickel-iron meteorites, nokuti meteorites haakwanise kuwana oxygen kana ari muchadenga. PaPasi, iyi nickel yechisikigo inogara yakasanganiswa nesimbi, zvichiratidza kuti iwo ndiwo makuru ekupedzisira zvigadzirwa zve supernova nucleosynthesis. Zvinotendwa kuti mukatikati mepasi musanganiswa wenickel-iron.
Kushandiswa kwenickel (yakasikwa nickel-iron alloy) yakatanga kusvika 3500 BC. Axel Frederick Kronstedt ndiye akatanga kutsaura nickel nekuitsanangura sechinhu chemakemikari muna 1751, kunyangwe akatanga kukanganisa nickel ore kuita mineral yemhangura. Zita rekunze re nickel rinobva kune naughty goblin yezita rimwechete mungano yeGerman miners (Nickel, iyo yakafanana nezita remadunhurirwa rekuti "Old Nick" yedhiyabhorosi muChirungu). . Iyo yakanyanya hupfumi sosi yenickel isimbi ore limonite, iyo inowanzo ine 1-2% nickel. Mamwe mamineral akakosha enickel anosanganisira pentlandite uye pentlandite. Vagadziri vakuru ve nickel vanosanganisira dunhu reSoderbury muCanada (iyo inowanzotendwa semeteorite impact crater), New Caledonia muPacific Ocean, uye Norilsk muRussia.
Nekuti nickel oxidize zvishoma nezvishoma pane tembiricha yekamuri, inowanzoonekwa senge isingadzivirirwe nekuora. Nekuda kweizvi, nickel yagara ichishandiswa kurongedza nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, senge simbi (sesimbi nendarira), mukati memidziyo yemakemikari, uye mamwe maalloys anoda kuchengetedza kupenya kwesirivha (senge nickel sirivheri) . Zvikamu zvitanhatu kubva muzana zvepasi rose zvinogadzirwa nickel zvichiri kushandiswa pakugadzira corrosion-resistant pure nickel plating. Nickel yaimbova chinhu chakajairika chemari, asi izvi zvakanyanya zvakatsiviwa nesimbi yakachipa, kwete nekuti vamwe vanhu vane allergies yeganda kune nickel. Pasinei neizvi, Britain yakatanga kugadzira mari mu nickel zvakare muna 2012, pamusoro pekupokana kwedermatologists.
Nickel chimwe chezvinhu zvina chete izvo zviri ferromagnetic pane tembiricha yekamuri. Nickel-ine alnico magineti echigarire ane simba remagineti pakati peayo ane iron-ine magineti asingaperi uye magineti epasi asingawanzo. Mamiriro eNickel munyika yemazuva ano anonyanya kukonzerwa nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana. Inenge 60% yepasi rose inogadzirwa nickel inoshandiswa kugadzira simbi dzakasiyana dzenickel (kunyanya simbi isina tsvina). Mamwe maaloyi akajairwa, pamwe nemamwe ma superalloys matsva, anoverengera angangoita ese asara epasi rose kushandiswa nickel. Makemikari anoshandiswa kugadzira makomisheni anoverengera isingasviki 3 muzana yekugadzira nickel. Semukomboni, nickel ine akati wandei mashandisiro mukugadzira makemikari, semuenzaniso secatalyst yehydrogenation reaction. Ma enzymes emamwe ma microorganisms uye zvirimwa anoshandisa nickel senzvimbo inoshanda, saka nickel chinhu chakakosha chekudya kwavari. [1]