Alloy musanganiswa wemakemikari maviri kana kupfuura (anenge rimwe rawo isimbi) ane hunhu hwesimbi. Kazhinji inowanikwa nekubatanidza chikamu chimwe nechimwe mumvura yakafanana wozoidzikisa.
Ma alloys anogona kunge ari imwe yemhando nhatu dzinotevera: mhinduro yakasimba yezvikamu chimwe chete, musanganiswa wezvikamu zvakawanda zvesimbi, kana kuti simbi dzakasanganiswa. Maumbirwo ezvikamu mumhinduro yakasimba ane chikamu chimwe chete, uye mamwe ma alloys mumhinduro ane zvikamu zviviri kana kupfuura. Kugoverwa kunogona kunge kwakafanana kana kwete, zvichienderana nekuchinja kwetembiricha panguva yekutonhodza kwezvinhu. Makomputa epakati pesimbi anowanzo kuve ne alloy kana simbi yakachena yakakomberedzwa neimwe simbi yakachena.
Ma alloys anoshandiswa mune mamwe mashandisirwo nekuti ane zvimwe zvinhu zviri nani pane zvesimbi yakachena. Mienzaniso ye alloys inosanganisira simbi, solder, brass, pewter, phosphor bronze, amalgam, nezvimwewo.
Kuumbwa kwe alloy kunowanzo verengerwa nehukuru hwehuwandu. Alloys dzinogona kukamurwa kuita ma substitution alloys kana interstitial alloys zvichienderana nekuumbwa kwadzo kweatomu, uye dzinogona kukamurwazve kuita ma homogeneous phases (chikamu chimwe chete), heterogeneous phases (zvikamu zvinopfuura chimwe) uye intermetallic compounds (hapana musiyano uri pachena pakati pezvikamu zviviri). [2]
ongororo
Kuumbwa kwezvimedu zvinowanzo chinja hunhu hwezvinhu zve elemental, semuenzaniso, simba resimbi rakakura kupfuura rechinhu chayo chikuru, iron. Hunhu hwepanyama hwechimedu, senge density, reactivity, Young's modulus, electrical and thermal conductivity, hunogona kunge hwakafanana nezvinhu zvechimedu, asi simba rekukwesha uye simba rekuchekwa kwechimedu zvinowanzoenderana nehunhu hwezvinhu zvechimedu. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti kurongeka kwemaatomu mu alloy kwakasiyana zvikuru nezviri muchinhu chimwe chete. Semuenzaniso, nzvimbo yekunyunguduka kwechimedu yakaderera pane nzvimbo yekunyunguduka yesimbi dzinoumba alloy nekuti atomic radii yesimbi dzakasiyana dzakasiyana, uye zvakaoma kugadzira stable crystal lattice.
Chinhu chidiki chechinhu chimwe chinogona kukanganisa zvikuru hunhu hwechiumbwa. Semuenzaniso, kusvibiswa kuri muzviumbwa zve ferromagnetic kunogona kushandura hunhu hwechiumbwa.
Kusiyana nesimbi dzakachena, alloys zhinji hadzina nzvimbo yekunyunguduka yakatarwa. Kana tembiricha iri mukati menguva yekunyunguduka, musanganiswa wacho unenge uri mumamiriro ekugara pamwe chete kwakasimba uye kwemvura. Saka, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti nzvimbo yekunyunguduka kwealloy yakaderera pane yesimbi dziripo. Ona musanganiswa we eutectic.
Pakati pezvinhu zvakajairika, ndarira imhando yemhangura ne zinc; ndarira imhando yetin ne mhangura, uye inowanzoshandiswa muzvifananidzo, zvishongo, uye mabhero echechi. Zvinhu zvakajairika (zvakadai se nickel alloys) zvinoshandiswa mumari yedzimwe nyika.
Alloy imhinduro, senge simbi, simbi ndiyo inonyungudutsa, kabhoni ndiyo inonyungudutsa.