Nekukura kwearuminiyamu muindasitiri yekugadzira welding, uye kugamuchirwa kwayo senzira yakanaka yekusarudza simbi yekushandisa mumabasa akawanda, pane zvinodiwa zviri kuwedzera kune avo vari mukugadzira mapurojekiti earuminiyamu kuti vajairane neboka iri rezvinhu. Kuti unzwisise zvizere aruminiyamu, zvinokurudzirwa kutanga nekuziva system yekuziva/kutsanangura aruminiyamu, akawanda aruminiyamu alloys aripo uye hunhu hwawo.

Sisitimu yeAluminium Alloy Temper uye Designation- MuNorth America, Aluminium Association Inc. ndiyo ine basa rekugovera nekunyoresa alloys dzealuminium. Parizvino kune alloys dzealuminium dzinopfuura mazana mana dzakagadzirwa nearuminiyamu dzakagadzirwa uye alloys dzealuminium dzinopfuura mazana maviri dzakanyorwa neAluminium Association. Miganhu yekuumbwa kwemakemikari ealloy yealloys idzi dzese dzakanyoreswa iri muAluminium Association's.Bhuku reTealine musoro unoti "Mazita eAlloy Epasi Pose uye Miganhu yeKuumbwa kweMakemikari yeAluminium Yakaumbwa neAluminium Yakaumbwa" uye mune yavoBhuku rePingiine musoro unoti “Mazita uye Miganhu Yekuumbwa Kwemakemikari eAluminium Alloys muchimiro cheCastings neIngot. Zvinyorwa izvi zvinogona kubatsira zvikuru kune mainjiniya we welding pakugadzira nzira dze welding, uye kana kufunga nezve chemistry uye kubatana kwayo nekunzwa kwe crack kuri kwakakosha.

Ma alloy e aluminium anogona kuiswa mumapoka akasiyana zvichienderana nehunhu hwechinhu ichocho senge kugona kwacho kupindura pakupisa uye pakugadzirisa uye chinhu chikuru chinowedzerwa ku alloy ye aluminium. Patinofunga nezve system yekuverenga nhamba / kuzivikanwa inoshandiswa kune alloys dze aluminium, hunhu hwataurwa pamusoro apa hunoonekwa. Ma alloy akaumbwa neakaumbwa ane masisitimu akasiyana ekuzivikanwa. Sisitimu yakaumbwa ine masisitimu e4-digit uye ma castings ane sisitimu ye3-digit ne1-decimal place.

Sisitimu Yekugadza Chigadzirwa Chesimbi- Tichatanga tafunga nezvehurongwa hwekuzivikanwa kwearuminiyamu ine manhamba mana. Nhamba yekutanga (Xxxx) inoratidza chinhu chikuru chekubatanidza, chakawedzerwa kune aruminiyamu alloy uye chinowanzoshandiswa kutsanangura aruminiyamu alloy series, kureva, 1000 series, 2000 series, 3000 series, kusvika 8000 series (ona tafura 1).

Nhamba imwe yechipiri (x)Xxx), kana yakasiyana ne0, inoratidza kuchinjwa kwechikamu chaicho, uye nhamba yechitatu neyechina (xxXX) inhamba dzisingatarisirwi dzakapihwa kuratidza chiumbwa chakati mumutsara. Muenzaniso: Muchikamu 5183, nhamba 5 inoratidza kuti ndeye magnesium alloy series, 1 inoratidza kuti ndiyo 1^stkugadziriswa kwe alloy yepakutanga 5083, uye 83 inoiona mu 5xxx series.

Chinhu chimwe chete chinosara pane iyi alloy numbering system ndeye 1xxx series aluminum alloys (pure aluminiums) umo, manhamba maviri ekupedzisira anopa huwandu hushoma hwealuminum percentage huri pamusoro pe99%, kureva, Alloy 13(50)(99.50% aluminium shoma).

Sisitimu yekugadzira dhizaini yealuminium yakagadzirwa

Tafura 1

Kusarudzwa kweAlloy neCast- Sisitimu yekududzira simbi yakagadzirwa yakavakirwa pachiratidzo chedhijitari chine manhamba matatu pamwe nedhijitari xxx.x (kureva 356.0). Nhamba yekutanga (Xxx.x) inoratidza chinhu chikuru chekubatanidza, chakawedzerwa kune aruminiyamu alloy (ona tafura 2).

SYSTEM YEKUGADZIRA ARUMUMINUM ALLY

Tafura 2

Nhamba yechipiri neyechitatu (x)XX.x) inhamba dzisingatarisirwi dzinopihwa kuratidza chiumbwa chakati mumutsara. Nhamba inotevera poindi yedesimali inoratidza kana chiumbwa chacho chiri chinhu chinokandwa (.0) kana kuti ingot (.1 kana .2). Chinyorwa chekutanga chebhii guru chinoratidza shanduko kuchinhu chakati.
Muenzaniso: Alloy – A356.0 guru A (Axxx.x) inoratidza kuchinjwa kwe alloy 356.0. Nhamba 3 (A)3xx.x) zvinoratidza kuti ndeye silicon plus copper uye/kana magnesium series. Iyo 56 in (Ax)56.0) inoratidza chiumbwa chiri mukati me3xx.x series, uye .0 (Axxx.0) zvinoratidza kuti imhando yekupedzisira yekuumbwa kwete ingot.

Sisitimu Yekutsanangura Hasha dzeAluminium -Kana tikafunga nezvemhando dzakasiyana dzearuminiyamu, tichaona kuti pane musiyano mukuru muhunhu hwadzo uye mashandisirwo adzo. Chinhu chekutanga chekuziva, mushure mekunzwisisa sisitimu yekuziva, ndechekuti kune mhando mbiri dzakasiyana dzearuminiyamu mukati memhando dzataurwa pamusoro apa. Idzi ndidzo Heat Treatable Aluminum alloys (idzo dzinogona kuwana simba kuburikidza nekuwedzera kupisa) uye Non-Heat Treatable Aluminum alloys. Musiyano uyu unonyanya kukosha kana tichifunga nezvemhedzisiro ye arc welding pamhando mbiri idzi dzezvinhu.

Ma alloy e 1xxx, 3xxx, uye 5xxx akatevedzana e aluminium haapiswi uye anogona kuomeswa chete. Ma alloy e 2xxx, 6xxx, uye 7xxx akatevedzana e aluminium anogona kurapwa nekupisa uye 4xxx akatevedzana ane ese ari maviri alloy anogona kurapwa nekupisa uye asingapiswi. Ma alloy e 2xx.x, 3xx.x, 4xx.x uye 7xx.x akatevedzana e cast anogona kurapwa nekupisa. Kuomeswa kwe strain hakuwanzo shandiswa pa castings.

Ma alloys anorapika nekupisa anowana hunhu hwawo hwakanaka hwemakanika kuburikidza nemaitiro ekurapa nekupisa, kurapwa kwakanyanya kuri Solution Heat Treatment uye Artificial Aging. Solution Heat Treatment inzira yekupisa alloy kusvika patembiricha yakakwira (inenge 990 Deg. F) kuitira kuisa zvinhu zvinosanganisa alloying kana macompounds mumushonga. Izvi zvinoteverwa nekudzima, kazhinji mumvura, kugadzira mhinduro ine supersaturated patembiricha yemumba. Solution heat treatment inowanzo teverwa nekukwegura. Kukwegura kudonhedza chikamu chezvinhu kana macompounds kubva mumushonga une supersaturated kuitira kuti pave nehunhu hwakanaka.

Masimbi asingarapike anowana hunhu hwawo hwakanaka hwemakanika kuburikidza neStrain Hardening. Kuomesa strain inzira yekuwedzera simba kuburikidza nekushandisa cold working.T6, 6063-T4, 5052-H32, 5083-H112.

ZVINHU ZVEKUSHANDISA HUSHANDI

Tafura 3

Pamusoro pechimiro che ...

Zvikamu zveH Temper - Kuomarara Kwakaoma

Nhamba yekutanga mushure meH inoratidza mashandiro ekutanga:
H1– Yakaomeswa Nesimba Chete.
H2– Yakaomeswa uye Yakabviswa zvishoma.
H3- Kuomesa uye Kugadzikana.
H4– Yakaomeswa uye Yakapendwa neLacquered kana kuti Yakapendwa.

Nhamba yechipiri mushure meH inoratidza mwero wekuoma kwesimba:
HX2- Quarter Hard HX4- Hafu HX Yakaoma6- Zvikamu Zvitatu Zvakaoma
HX8- HX Yakazara Yakaoma9- Zvakaoma Zvakawanda

Zvikamu zveT Temper - Zvakagadziriswa neThermally

T1- Kuchembera kwechisikigo mushure mekutonhora kubva pakuumbwa kwekupisa kwakanyanya, senge kubudiswa.
T2- Kutonhora kwakashanda mushure mekutonhora kubva pakuumbwa kwekupisa kwakanyanya uye ipapo kwakachembera zvechisikigo.
T3- Mhinduro yacho inorapwa nekupisa, inotonhora uye inochembera zviri pamutemo.
T4- Mhinduro yacho inorapwa nekupisa uye inocheneswa zviri pamutemo.
T5- Yakachekwa yakagadzirwa mushure mekutonhorera kubva pakuumbwa kwechimiro chekupisa kwakanyanya.
T6- Mhinduro yacho inorapwa nekupisa uye yakarembera yakagadzirwa.
T7- Mhinduro yacho yakapiswa uye yakagadzikana (yakapfuudzwa zvakanyanya).
T8- Mhinduro yacho inorapwa nekupisa, inotonhora uye yakarembera.
T9- Mhinduro yacho inorapwa nekupisa, yakarembera pakugadzira uye inotonhora.
T10- Kutonhora kwakashanda mushure mekutonhora kubva pakuumbwa kwekupisa kwakanyanya uye ipapo kwakacheneswa nekugadzirwa.

Mamwe manhamba anoratidza zororo rekushushikana.
Mienzaniso:
TX51kana TXX51- Kushushikana kunoderedzwa nekutambanudza muviri.
TX52kana TXX52- Kushushikana kunoderedzwa nekudzvanya.

Aluminium Alloys uye Hunhu Hwayo- Kana tikafunga nezvemhando nomwe dzearuminiyamu dzakagadzirwa, tichanzwisisa kusiyana kwadzo uye tichanzwisisa mashandisirwo adzo nehunhu hwadzo.

1xxx Series Alloys– (isingarapike kupisa – ine simba guru rekudhonza re10 kusvika 27 ksi) nhevedzano iyi inowanzonzi pure aluminum series nekuti inofanirwa kuve ne99.0% minimum aluminium. Dzinogona kusungirirwa. Zvisinei, nekuda kwehurefu hwadzo hwekunyunguduka, dzinoda zvimwe zvinhu kuti dzigadzire nzira dzinogamuchirwa dzekubatanidza. Kana dzichitariswa pakugadzira, alloys idzi dzinosarudzwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekudzivirira kwadzo ngura kwakanyanya senge mumatangi emakemikari akasarudzika nemapombi, kana nekuda kwekufambisa kwadzo magetsi kwakanaka semumashandisirwo emabhazi. Alloys idzi dzine hunhu hwakaderera hwemakanika uye hadziwanzotariswa pakushandiswa kwese kwese. Alloys idzi dzebase alloys dzinowanzo sungirirwa nezvinhu zvinoenderana nefiller kana ne4xxx filler alloys zvichienderana nekushandiswa uye zvinodiwa pakushanda.

2xxx Series Alloys– (inogona kurapwa nekupisa – ine simba guru rekudhonza re27 kusvika 62 ksi) idzi ialuminium/copper alloys (kuwedzera kwemhangura kunotangira pa0.7 kusvika 6.8%), uye ialloys dzakasimba uye dzinoshanda zvakanyanya dzinowanzoshandiswa mukufambisa ndege nendege. Dzine simba rakanaka pamusoro pekupisa kwakasiyana-siyana. Mamwe ealloys aya anoonekwa seasingawirirani nemaitiro e arc welding nekuda kwekukurumidza kwawo kupwanyika nekupisa uye kuputika kwe stress corrosion; zvisinei, mamwe anopwanyika ne arc zvinobudirira zvikuru nemaitiro e welding akakodzera. Zvinhu izvi zvepasi zvinowanzopwanyika ne 2xxx series filler alloys dzakasimba kwazvo dzakagadzirirwa kuenderana nekushanda kwadzo, asi dzimwe nguva dzinogona kupwanyika ne 4xxx series fillers dzine silicon kana silicon ne copper, zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvekushandiswa uye basa.

3xxx Series Alloys– (isingarapike kupisa – ine simba guru rekudhonza re16 kusvika 41 ksi) Idzi ndidzo alloys dzealuminium/manganese (dzakawedzerwa manganese kubva pa0.05 kusvika 1.8%) uye dzine simba riri pakati nepakati, dzinodzivirira ngura zvakanaka, dzinokwanisa kugadzirwa zvakanaka uye dzakakodzera kushandiswa pakupisa kwakanyanya. Imwe yekushandiswa kwadzo kwekutanga yaive hari nemapani, uye ndidzo chinhu chikuru nhasi chezvishandiso zvekupisa mumotokari nemafekitori emagetsi. Zvisinei, simba radzo riri pakati nepakati rinowanzo dzivisa kufunga nezvekushandiswa kwechimiro. Aya ma base alloys anosungirirwa ne1xxx, 4xxx uye 5xxx series filler alloys, zvichienderana nemakemikari adzo chaiwo uye zvinodiwa pakushandiswa uye sevhisi.

4xxx Series Alloys– (inogona kurapwa nekupisa uye isingapise – ine simba guru rekusimba re25 kusvika 55 ksi) Idzi ndidzo aruminiyamu / silicon alloys (inowedzerwa nesilicon inotangira pa0.6 kusvika 21.5%) uye ndiyo chete nhevedzano ine alloys dzinogadziriswa nekupisa uye dzisingapise. Silicon, kana yawedzerwa kuaruminiyamu, inoderedza kunyunguduka kwayo uye inovandudza kuyerera kwayo kana yanyungudutswa. Hunhu uhu hunodiwa pazvinhu zvekuzadza zvinoshandiswa pakubatanidza welding uye brazing. Nekuda kweizvozvo, nhevedzano iyi yealloys inowanikwa zvakanyanya sechinhu chekuzadza. Silicon, yakazvimiririra muaruminiyamu, haipise kupisa; zvisinei, akawanda eaya alloys easilicon akagadzirwa kuti ave nekuwedzera kwemagnesium kana mhangura, izvo zvinovapa mukana wekupindura zvakanaka pakurapa kupisa kwemhinduro. Kazhinji, aya alloys ekuzadza kupisa anoshandiswa chete kana chikamu chakasungirirwa chichifanira kuitiswa kurapwa kwekupisa mushure mekusungirirwa.

5xxx Series Alloys– (isina kupisa inorapika – ine simba guru rekudhonza re18 kusvika 51 ksi) Idzi ndidzo aruminiyamu / magnesium alloys (magnesium additions inotangira pa0.2 kusvika 6.2%) uye ine simba guru re alloys dzisingapiswi dzinorapika. Pamusoro pezvo, iyi alloy series inogona kusvetwa nyore nyore, uye nekuda kwezvikonzero izvi inoshandiswa mumabasa akasiyana-siyana akadai sekuvaka ngarava, kutakurwa, midziyo yekumanikidza, mabhiriji nezvivakwa. Magnesium base alloys inowanzosvetwa ne filler alloys, iyo inosarudzwa mushure mekufunga nezve magnesium iri mu base material, uye mashandisirwo uye mamiriro ebasa e welded component. Alloys mu series iyi ine magnesium inopfuura 3.0% haikurudzirwi pakupisa kwakanyanya pamusoro pe150 deg F nekuda kwekugona kwayo kunzwisiswa uye kukanganiswa ne stress corrosion cracking. Base alloys ine magnesium isingasviki 2.5% inowanzosvetwa zvakanaka ne 5xxx kana 4xxx series filler alloys. Chiumbwa chebase alloy 5052 chinowanzo zivikanwa sechiumbwa chebase alloy chine magnesium yakawanda chinogona kusungirirwa ne 4xxx series filler alloy. Nekuda kwematambudziko ane chekuita nekunyunguduka kwe eutectic uye hunhu husina kunaka hwemakanika hwakasungirirwa, hazvikurudzirwi kusungirirwa zvinhu muchikamu ichi che alloy, chine huwandu hwakawanda hwe magnesium ne 4xxx series fillers. Zvinhu zvepamusoro zve magnesium zvinosungirirwa chete ne 5xxx filler alloys, izvo zvinowanzoenderana nechimiro che base alloy.

6XXX Series Alloys– (inogona kurapwa nekupisa – ine simba guru rekudhonza re18 kusvika 58 ksi) Idzi ndidzo aruminiyamu / magnesium – silicon alloys (magnesium nesilicon alloys dzinenge 1.0%) uye dzinowanikwa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yekugadzira welding, dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muchimiro che extrusions, uye dzinosanganiswa muzvikamu zvakawanda zvekuvaka. Kuwedzera magnesium nesilicon kuaruminiyamu kunoburitsa musanganiswa we magnesium-silicide, iyo inoita kuti chinhu ichi chigone kugadziriswa nekupisa kuti chiwedzere simba. Alloys idzi dzinonzwa kupwanyika kwesimbi, uye nekuda kwechikonzero ichi, hadzifanirwe kusungirirwa arc otomatiki (pasina filler material). Kuwedzera huwandu hwakakwana hwe filler material panguva ye arc welding kwakakosha kuitira kuti pave nekusanganiswa kwebase material, nokudaro kudzivirira dambudziko rekupisa rinopwanyika. Dzakabatanidzwa ne 4xxx ne 5xxx filler materials, zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvekushandiswa uye sevhisi.

7XXX Series Alloys– (inogona kurapwa nekupisa – ine simba guru rekudhonza re32 kusvika 88 ksi) Idzi ndidzo aruminiyamu / zinc alloys (zinc additions dzinotangira pa0.8 kusvika 12.0%) uye dzinosanganisira mamwe earuminiyamu alloys ane simba guru. Aya alloys anowanzo shandiswa mumabasa epamusoro akadai sendege, ndege, uye michina yemitambo yemakwikwi. Kufanana ne2xxx series ye alloys, iyi series inosanganisira alloys dzinoonekwa sedzisina kukodzera arc welding, uye dzimwe, dzinowanzo shandiswa arc weld zvinobudirira. Alloys dzinoshandiswa kazhinji mu series iyi, dzakadai se7005, dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya ne5xxx series filler alloys.

Pfupiso- Ma alloy e aruminiyamu anhasi, pamwe chete nekupisa kwawo kwakasiyana-siyana, ane mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvinhu zvekugadzira. Kuti chigadzirwa chigadzirwe zvakanaka uye kuti nzira yekubatanidza ibudirire, zvakakosha kunzwisisa mutsauko uripo pakati pema alloy akawanda aripo uye mashandiro awo akasiyana-siyana uye hunhu hwekuchinjika. Pakugadzira nzira dzekubatanidza arc dzema alloy akasiyana aya, kufungwa kunofanirwa kupihwa kune alloy chaiyo iri kuchinjika. Kazhinji zvinonzi arc welding ye alloy haina kuoma, "yakangosiyana". Ndinotenda kuti chikamu chakakosha chekunzwisisa misiyano iyi ndechekujairana ne alloys dzakasiyana-siyana, hunhu hwadzo, uye nzira yadzo yekuzivikanwa.