Nekukura kwealuminium mukati meindasitiri yekugadzira machira, uye kugamuchirwa kwayo seimwe nzira yakanaka kune simbi kune akawanda maapplication, pane zviri kuwedzera zvinodiwa kune avo vane chekuita nekugadzira mapurojekiti ealuminium kuti vajairane neboka iri remidziyo. Kuti unzwisise zvizere aluminium, zvinokurudzirwa kutanga nekuziva iyo aluminium identification / designation system, akawanda aruminiyamu alloys aripo uye maitiro awo.

Iyo Aluminium Alloy Temper uye Dhizaini System- MuNorth America, The Aluminium Association Inc. inotarisira kugoverwa uye kunyoreswa kwealuminium alloys. Parizvino kune anopfuura mazana mana aruminiyamu akagadzirwa uye akagadzirwa aruminiyamu alloys uye anopfuura mazana maviri aruminiyamu alloys muchimiro checastings uye ingots dzakanyoreswa neAluminium Association. Iyo alloy kemikari yekugadzira miganho yeaya ese akanyoreswa alloys ari muAluminium Association'sTeal Bookine musoro unoti “International Alloy Designations and Chemical Composition Limits for Wrought Aluminium and Wrought Aluminium Alloys” uye mune yavo.Pink Bookine musoro unoti “Designations and Chemical Composition Limits for Aluminium Alloys in the Form of Castings and Ingot. Izvi zvinyorwa zvinogona kubatsira zvakanyanya kune welding engineer kana uchigadzira maitirwo ewelding, uye kana kufunga kwechemistry uye kushamwaridzana kwayo nekunzwa kwecrack kwakakosha.

Aluminium alloys anogona kuiswa mumapoka akati wandei zvichienderana nechinhu chakasiyana hunhu senge kugona kwayo kupindura kune inopisa uye mekiniki kurapwa uye yekutanga alloying chinhu chakawedzerwa kune aruminiyamu alloy. Kana isu tichifunga iyo manhamba / yekuzivikanwa sisitimu inoshandiswa kune aruminiyamu alloys, hunhu huri pamusoro hunoonekwa. Maaluminium akagadzirwa uye akakandwa ane masisitimu akasiyana ekuzivikanwa. Iyo yakagadzirwa sisitimu ine mana-manhamba sisitimu uye yekukandira ine 3-manhamba uye 1-decimal nzvimbo system.

Yakagadzirwa Alloy Dhizaini System- Isu tichatanga tafunga iyo mana-manhamba akagadzirwa aluminium alloy identification system. Nhamba yekutanga (Xxxx) inoratidza chinhu chikuru chekubatanidza, icho chakawedzerwa kune aruminiyamu alloy uye chinowanzoshandiswa kutsanangura aluminium alloy series, kureva, 1000 series, 2000 series, 3000 series, kusvika ku8000 series (ona tafura 1).

Yechipiri nhamba imwe chete (xXxx), kana yakasiyana ne0, inoratidza kushandurwa kweiyo alloy chaiyo, uye nhamba yechitatu neyechina (xx).XX) idzo nhamba dzekupokana dzakapihwa kuratidza chaiyo alloy munhevedzano. Muenzaniso: Muchidimbu 5183, nhamba yechishanu inoratidza kuti ndeye magnesium alloy series, iyo 1 inoratidza kuti ndiyo 1.^stkugadziridzwa kune yekutanga alloy 5083, uye iyo 83 inozivisa iyo mu5xxx akateedzana.

Iyo chete inosarudzika kune iyi alloy manhamba system ndeye 1xxx akateedzana aruminiyamu alloys (pure maaluminum) mune iyo nyaya, iyo yekupedzisira manhamba maviri inopa hushoma hwealuminium muzana pamusoro pe99%, kureva, Alloy 13.(50)(99.50% shoma aluminium).

WROUGHT ALUMINIUM Alloy DESIGNATION SYSTEM

Tafura 1

Cast Alloy Dhizaini- The cast alloy designation system yakavakirwa pamanhamba matatu-pamwe nedecimal design xxx.x (kureva 356.0). Nhamba yekutanga (Xxx.x) inoratidza chinhu chikuru chinosanganisa chinhu, icho chakawedzerwa kune aruminiyamu alloy (ona tafura 2).

Kanda ALUMINIUM Alloy DESIGNATION SYSTEM

Tafura 2

Nhamba yechipiri neyechitatu (xXX.x) inhamba dzisingaverengeki dzakapihwa kuratidza alloy chaiyo munhevedzano. Nhamba inotevera decimal point inoratidza kana alloy iri kukandira (.0) kana ingot (.1 kana .2). A capital letter prefix inoratidza shanduko kune chaiyo alloy.
Muenzaniso: Alloy - A356.0 guta guru A (Axxx.x) inoratidza kugadziridzwa kwealloy 356.0. Nhamba 3 (A3xx.x) inoratidza kuti ndeyesilicon plus copper uye/kana magnesium series. Iwo 56 mukati (Ax56.0) inozivisa alloy mukati meiyo 3xx.x series, uye .0 (Axxx.0) inoratidza kuti ndeyekupedzisira chimiro kukanda uye kwete ingot.

Iyo Aluminium Temper Dhizaini System -Kana tikatarisa akasiyana akatevedzana ealuminium alloys, isu tichaona kuti kune misiyano yakakura muhunhu hwavo uye nemhedzisiro yekushandisa. Pfungwa yekutanga kuziva, mushure mekunzwisisa iyo yekuzivisa sisitimu, ndeyekuti kune maviri akasiyana akasiyana marudzi ealuminium mukati meakateedzana ataurwa pamusoro. Aya ndiwo Heat Treatable Aluminium alloys (iyo inogona kuwana simba kuburikidza nekuwedzera kwekupisa) uye Non-Heat Treatable Aluminium alloys. Musiyano uyu unonyanya kukosha kana uchifunga nezvekukanganisa kwearc welding pamhando mbiri idzi dzezvinhu.

Iwo 1xxx, 3xxx, uye 5xxx akateedzana akagadzirwa aruminiyamu alloys haapise kupisa uye anoomesa chete. Iwo 2xxx, 6xxx, uye 7xxx akatevedzana akagadzirwa aruminiyamu alloys anorapika uye iwo 4xxx akatevedzana ane ese anorapika uye asingapisa anorapika alloys. Iwo 2xx.x, 3xx.x, 4xx.x uye 7xx.x akatevedzana ma alloys anorapika. Kuomesa kuomarara hakuwanzo kuisirwa kucastings.

Iwo maaloyi anorapika anowana iwo akakwenenzverwa emuchina zvivakwa kuburikidza nemaitiro ekupisa kwekupisa, iwo anonyanya kurapa ekupisa ari Solution Heat Kurapa uye Artificial Kuchembera. Solution Heat Treatment inzira yekudziisa alloy kune yakakwira tembiricha (yakatenderedza 990 Deg. F) kuitira kuisa alloying zvinhu kana makomisheni mumhinduro. Izvi zvinoteverwa nekudzima, kazhinji mumvura, kugadzira mushonga une supersaturated pane tembiricha yekamuri. Kugadzirisa kupisa kurapwa kunowanzoteverwa nekukwegura. Kuchembera ndiko kunaya kwechimwe chikamu chezvinhu kana makomisheni kubva kune supersaturated mhinduro kuitira kuti ibudise zvinodikanwa.

Iwo asiri-anopisa anorapika alloys anowana iwo optimum mechanical zvivakwa kuburikidza neStrain Hardening. Kuomarara ndiyo nzira yekuwedzera simba kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwekutonhora kushanda.T6, 6063-T4, 5052-H32, 5083-H112.

ZVINHU ZVAKAITIKA KUSVIRA

Tafura 3

Kuwedzera kune yekutanga kudomwa kwehasha, kune mapoka maviri ekukamuranisa, imwe inotaura nezve "H" Hasha - Strain Kuomesa, uye imwe ichitaura nezve "T" Hasha - Thermally Treated zita.

Zvikamu zveH Temper - Strain Yakaomeswa

Nhamba yekutanga mushure meH inoratidza basa rekutanga:
H1- Strain Yakaomeswa Chete.
H2- Strain Yakaomeswa uye Yakanatswa Muchidimbu.
H3- Strain Yakaomeswa uye Yakagadzikana.
H4-Strain Yakaomeswa uye Yakaiswa Lacquered kana Pendi.

Nhamba yechipiri mushure meH inoratidza chiyero chekuomesera:
HX2- Quarter Yakaoma HX4– Hafu Yakaoma HX6- Zvitatu Zvitatu Zvakaoma
HX8- Yakazara Yakaoma HX9– Kuwedzera Kuoma

Zvikamu zveT Temper - Inorapwa Thermally

T1- Zvakasikwa kuchembera mushure mekutonhora kubva kune yakakwira tembiricha yekugadzira maitiro, senge extruding.
T2- Kutonhora kwakashanda mushure mekutonhodza kubva kune yakakwira tembiricha yekugadzira maitiro uyezve nekuchembera.
T3-Kugadzirisa kupisa-kurapwa, kutonhora kwakashanda uye zvakasikwa kuchembera.
T4- Solution kupisa-kurapwa uye zvakasikwa akwegura.
T5-Arificial achembera mushure mekutonhodzwa kubva kune yakakwira tembiricha yekugadzira maitiro.
T6- Solution kupisa-kurapwa uye artificially akwegura.
T7- Kugadzirisa kupisa-kurapwa uye yakagadzikana (yakawandisa).
T8-Kugadzirisa kupisa-kurapwa, kutonhora kwakashanda uye kuchembera.
T9- Solution kupisa kurapwa, artificially akwegura uye kutonhora akashanda.
T10- Kutonhora kwakashanda mushure mekutonhodza kubva kune yakakwira tembiricha yekugadzira uyezve kuchembera.

Mamwe manhamba anoratidza kurerutswa kwekushushikana.
Mienzaniso:
TX51kana TXX51– Stress inodzikiswa nekutambanudza.
TX52kana TXX52-Stress yakaderedzwa nekumanikidza.

Aluminium Alloys Uye Maitiro Avo- Kana tikafunga iwo manomwe akateedzana akagadzirwa aruminiyamu alloys, isu tinoonga misiyano yavo uye tinonzwisisa mashandisiro avo uye maitiro.

1xxx Series Alloys- (isina-kupisa inorapika - nesimba rekupedzisira regumi kusvika ku27 ksi) iyi nhevedzano inowanzonzi iyo pure aluminum series nekuti inodiwa kuve ne99.0% shoma aruminiyamu. Ivo vanogona simbi. Nekudaro, nekuda kwekutetepa kwavo kunyungudika, ivo vanoda zvimwe zvinotariswa kuitira kuti vabudise nzira dzinogamuchirika dzewelding. Kana ikatariswa kugadzirwa, maaloyi aya anosarudzwa zvakanyanya nekuda kweayo epamusoro corrosion kuramba senge mumatangi emakemikari akasarudzika uye pombi, kana kune yavo yakanaka conduction yemagetsi senge mumabhazi ekushandisa. Aya alloys ane hurombo hwemagetsi zvimiro uye haawanzo kutariswa seyakajairwa zvimiro zvekushandisa. Aya ma base alloys anowanzo shiturwa neanoenderana nefiller zvinhu kana ne 4xxx filler alloys zvinoenderana nekushandisa uye kuita zvinodiwa.

2xxx Series Alloys- (kupisa kunorapika- nesimba rekupedzisira re27 kusvika ku62 ksi) aya maaluminium / copper alloys (kuwedzerwa kwemhangura kubva ku0.7 kusvika ku6.8%), uye ane simba guru, alloys ekushanda kwepamusoro anowanzoshandiswa kune aerospace uye kushandiswa kwendege. Vane simba rakanakisisa pamusoro pehuwandu hwekushisa. Mamwe eaya alloys anoonekwa seasina-weldable nearc welding process nekuda kwekunzwa kwavo kupisa kunopisa uye kushungurudza corrosion kuputika; zvisinei, mamwe ari arc welded zvakabudirira neayo chaiwo welding maitiro. Izvi zvigadziko zvekushandisa zvinowanzo shiturwa nesimba rakakwirira 2xxx akatevedzana mafirita alloys akagadzirwa kuti aenderane nekuita kwavo, asi dzimwe nguva anogona kugadzirwa ne4xxx akateedzera mafirita ane silicon kana silicon nemhangura, zvinoenderana nekushandiswa uye sevhisi zvinodiwa.

3xxx Series Alloys- (isina-kupisa inorapika - ine simba rekupedzisira re16 kusvika 41 ksi) Aya ndiwo aruminiyamu / manganese alloys (manganese ekuwedzera kubva 0.05 kusvika 1.8%) uye ane simba riri pakati nepakati, ane yakanaka corrosion resistance, good formability uye akakodzera kuti ishandiswe pane tembiricha dzakakwirira. Imwe yekushandiswa kwavo kwekutanga yaive mapoto nemapani, uye ndiwo chikamu chikuru nhasi chekuchinjanisa kupisa mumotokari nemagetsi emagetsi. Kusimba kwavo kuri pakati nepakati, zvisinei, kazhinji kunodzivisa kurangarira kwavo mashandisirwo ezvimiro. Aya ma base alloys akaiswa welded ne 1xxx, 4xxx uye 5xxx akatevedzana mafirita alloys, zvichienderana neyavo chaiyo chemistry uye kunyanya mashandisiro uye sevhisi zvinodiwa.

4xxx Series Alloys- (kupisa kunorapika uye kusapisa kunorapika - nesimba rekupedzisira re25 kusvika 55 ksi) Aya ndiwo maaluminium / silicon alloys (silicone yekuwedzera kubva 0.6 kusvika 21.5%) uye ndiyo chete nhevedzano ine zvese zvinopisa zvinorapika uye zvisiri- alloys anorapika kupisa. Silicon, kana yawedzerwa kualuminium, inoderedza kunyungudika kwayo uye inonatsiridza kuyerera kwayo kana yakanyungudutswa. Aya maitiro anodiwa kune mafiller zvinhu anoshandiswa kune ese ari maviri fusion welding uye brazing. Nekuda kweizvozvo, iyi nhevedzano yealloys inonyanya kuwanikwa seyekuzadza zvinhu. Silikoni, yakazvimiririra mualuminium, haina-kupisa kurapwa; zvisinei, zvinoverengeka izvi nesilicon alloys dzakagadzirirwa kuva wedzero magnesium kana mhangura, izvo zvinovapa kukwanisa kupindura zvakanaka kugadzirisa kupisa kurapwa. Kazhinji, aya anorapika anorapika mafirita alloys anoshandiswa chete kana chinhu chine welded chichifanira kuiswa kune post weld thermal kurapwa.

5xxx Series Alloys- (isina-kupisa inorapwa - ine simba rekupedzisira rekusimba re18 kusvika ku51 ksi) Aya ndiwo aruminiyamu / magnesium alloys (magnesiamu yekuwedzera kubva ku0.2 kusvika ku6.2%) uye ane simba guru rezvinyorwa zvisingadziviriri zvinogadziriswa. Uye zvakare, iyi alloy akateedzana ari nyore kuchinjika, uye nekuda kwezvikonzero izvi anoshandiswa kune akasiyana siyana ekushandisa senge kuvaka ngarava, chekufambisa, kumanikidza ngarava, mabhiriji uye zvivakwa. Iyo magnesium base alloys inowanzo shikidzwa nekuzadza alloys, iyo inosarudzwa mushure mekutariswa kweiyo magnesium yemukati meiyo base zvinhu, uye mashandisirwo uye sevhisi mamiriro eiyo welded chikamu. Alloys mune ino nhevedzano ane anopfuura 3.0% magnesium haakurudzirwe kune yakakwira tembiricha sevhisi pamusoro pe150 deg F nekuda kwekwaniso yavo yekukurudzira uye kunotevera kukonzeresa kushushikana kwegora. Mabase alloys ane isingasviki 2.5% magnesium anowanzo sungwa zvinobudirira ne5xxx kana 4xxx akateedzana filler alloys. Iyo base alloy 5052 inowanzo zivikanwa seyakanyanya magnesium yemukati base alloy inogona kubatanidzwa ne 4xxx yakatevedzana filler alloy. Nekuda kwezvinetso zvine chekuita ne eutectic kunyunguduka uye yakabatana nehurombo se-welded mejini zvivakwa, hazvikurudzirwe kuti weld zvinhu mune iyi alloy series, iyo ine yakakwira huwandu hwemagnesium ine 4xxx akateedzera mafirita. Iyo yepamusoro magnesium base zvinhu zvinongobatanidzwa ne5xxx filler alloys, ayo anowanzo enderana ne base base alloy kuumbwa.

6XXX Series Alloys- (kupisa kunorapika - nesimba rekupedzisira re18 kusvika 58 ksi) Aya ndiwo aruminiyamu / magnesium - silicon alloys (magnesium uye silicon yekuwedzera inosvika 1.0%) uye inowanikwa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yekugadzira welding, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muchimiro che extrusions, uye inosanganisirwa mune zvakawanda zvimiro zvikamu. Kuwedzerwa kwe magnesium nesilicon kune aruminiyamu kunogadzira musanganiswa we magnesium-silicide, iyo inopa ichi chinyorwa kugona kwayo kuve mhinduro yekupisa inorapwa kuti iwedzere simba. Aya ma alloys anowanzo kuomesa kutsemuka, uye nekuda kweichi chikonzero, haafanirwe kuve arc welded otogenous (isina filler zvinhu). Kuwedzerwa kwehuwandu hwakakwana hwekuzadza zvinhu panguva yearc welding process kwakakosha kuitira kupa dilution yehwaro zvinhu, nekudaro kudzivirira kupisa kunopisa dambudziko. Iwo akaiswa welded neese 4xxx uye 5xxx filler zvinhu, zvinoenderana nekushandiswa uye sevhisi zvinodiwa.

7XXX Series Alloys- (kupisa kunorapika - nesimba rekupedzisira re32 kusvika ku88 ksi) Aya ndiwo aruminiyamu / zinc alloys (zinc yekuwedzera kubva pa0.8 kusvika 12.0%) uye inosanganisira mamwe epamusoro-soro maaluminium alloys. Aya maalloys anowanzo shandiswa mukushanda kwepamusoro-soro senge ndege, aerospace, uye midziyo yemakwikwi yemitambo. Kufanana neiyo 2xxx yakatevedzana yealloys, iyi nhevedzano inosanganisira alloys anoonekwa seasina kukodzera kukwikwidza arc welding, uye mamwe, ayo anowanzo arc welded zvinobudirira. Iwo anowanzo welded alloys mune ino nhevedzano, senge 7005, anonyanya kusungirirwa ne5xxx akatevedzana mafirita alloys.

Summary-Mazuva ano maaluminium alloys, pamwe chete nehukasha hwavo hwakasiyana, hunosanganisira huwandu hwakakura uye hwakasiyana-siyana hwezvigadzirwa zvekugadzira. Kuti uwane dhizaini yakanaka yekugadzira uye yakabudirira welding maitiro ekuvandudza, zvakakosha kuti unzwisise mutsauko uripo pakati peakawanda maalloys aripo uye akasiyana maitiro uye weldability maitiro. Paunenge uchigadzira ma arc welding maitiro eaya akasiyana alloys, kutariswa kunofanirwa kupihwa kune chaiyo alloy iri kusungirirwa. Zvinowanzotaurwa kuti arc welding yealuminium haina kuoma, "yakangosiyana". Ini ndinotenda kuti chikamu chakakosha chekunzwisisa misiyano iyi ndeyekujairana neakasiyana alloys, maitiro avo, uye yavo yekuzivikanwa sisitimu.