Mukusarudza zvinhu zvemaindasitiri, "Ndeipi iri nani, nickel kana copper?" mubvunzo unowanzo bvunzwa nevatengi. Zvisinei, muchokwadi, hapana "iri nani" zvachose, asi "yakakodzera" - nickel inobudirira mukudzivirira ngura uye kudzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya, nepo copper ichipa simba remagetsi uye inoshanda zvakanyanya. Imwe neimwe inoshanda nesimba rayo mumamiriro akasiyana. Kutanga kubva pahunhu hwayo, minda yekushandisa, uye mashandisirwo anobatsira, chinyorwa chino chichakubatsira kujekesa pfungwa yekusarudza pakati penickel necopper, zvichikugonesa kuwana mhinduro yakakodzera yezvinhu zvaunoda.
Kutanga, tafura iri pazasi inopa kuenzanisa kwakajeka kwehunhu hwakakosha uye nzira dzekugadzirisa pakatinikeli(zvichibva pazvigadzirwa zvedu zve nickel yakachena, ine kuchena kwe ≥99.95%) uyemhangura(mhangura yakachena yeindasitiri, ine kuchena kwe ≥99.9%):
| Kuenzanisa | Nickel (Nickel Yakachena) | Mhangura (Mhangura Yakachena Yemaindasitiri) | Pfungwa yeKuchinjika kweCore |
| Kufambisa Kwemagetsi | Kufambisa: 22.1×10⁶ S/m | Kufambisa: 58.5×10⁶ S/m (inenge 2.6x kupfuura nickel) | Sarudza mhangura kana uchida zvinhu zvinofambisa ngura; sarudza nickel kana uchida zvinhu zvinofambisa ngura zvinoda kuramba ngura/kuramba kupisa kwakanyanya. |
| Kuramba Kuora | Haina ngura kana yanyura mumvura yegungwa kwemaawa 1000 (acids, alkalis, uye ngura yemuviri) | Inowanzo kanganiswa ne oxidation uye patina creation, inodzivirira acid/alkali zvisina simba, yakakodzera chete munzvimbo dzakaoma/dzisina kusimba. | Sarudza nickel panzvimbo dzinopisa (indasitiri yemakemikari, kurapwa, zvemugungwa); sarudza mhangura panzvimbo dzakaoma, dzakajairika |
| Kuramba Kupisa Kwakanyanya | Nzvimbo yekunyunguduka: 1455℃, tembiricha yebasa renguva refu inosvika 1200℃ | Nzvimbo yekunyunguduka: 1083℃, tembiricha yebasa renguva refu ≤300℃ | Sarudza nickel kana paine tembiricha yepamusoro (midziyo yekudziyisa, ndege); sarudza mhangura kana paine tembiricha yakaderera/tembiricha yemukamuri |
| Kugona Kugadzira & Kugona Kugadzira | Kusimba kwakanaka pakupisa kwakaderera (kunogona kukotama pa -200℃), kunogona kukweverwa muwaya dzakapfava dze 0.05mm | Kugadzikana kwakanaka kwazvo, kuri nyore kudzvanya nekukotama, mutengo wakaderera wekugadzirisa | Sarudza nickel kana uchida zvinhu zvinopisa zvakanyanya/zvisina kusimba zvakanyanya; sarudza mhangura kana uchida zvinhu zvakaoma/zvinodhura zvishoma. |
| Mafomu Echigadzirwa Akajairika | Waya yakachena ye nickel, strip ye alloy ye nickel, foil ye nickel | Waya yemhangura, bhazi remhangura, foil yemhangura | Gadzirai fomu yechigadzirwa ichi zvichienderana nezvinodiwa; isu tinogadzirisa ma alloys e nickel/copper-nickel |
Kubva pamaonero ezvinoitika pakushandisa, musiyano uripo pakati pezviviri izvi wakajeka zvikuru:
Munyaya yekufambisa magetsi, mhangura inonyanya kufarirwa pawaya dzemidziyo yemumba uye tambo dzine voltage shoma—inosangana nezvinodiwa zvekufambisa magetsi nekuti inofambisa magetsi akawanda uye inodhura zvishoma. Zvisinei, nickel inofanirwa kushandiswa pawaya dzemukati dzemidziyo yekurapa (semuenzaniso, waya dzegluconate pen probe) uye waya dzechiratidzo chemidziyo yemuchadenga: yekutanga inoda kuramba ngura yemuviri, nepo yekupedzisira ichida kuramba kupisa kwakaderera (pasi pe -50℃ pakukwirira kwakakwirira). Waya dzedu dzenickel dzakagadzirwa nemaoko dzine simba re 0.002mm dzakagadziriswa nemabhizinesi mazhinji ekurapa/emuchadenga.
Muzviitiko zvisingakanganiswi nengura, nickel (kwete mhangura) inosarudzwa kuti ishandiswe mumidziyo yekuchengetera makemikari uye mumidziyo yemugungwa: mhangura inoora mukati memwedzi mumwe chete mumvura ine munyu kana munzvimbo dzine acidic, nepo midziyo yekuchengetera midziyo yakagadzirwa nemaplate edu enickel isina kudonha mushure memakore matatu ekushandiswa mumakambani emakemikari. Zvisinei, mhangura ine mukana wekushandisa mari yakawanda pakushongedza zvivakwa uye mumidziyo yekubatanidza munzvimbo dzakaoma.
Mukushandiswa kwekupisa kwakanyanya, nickel chete ndiyo inogona kushandiswa pakudziisa zvinhu zvemidziyo yekudziisa uye waya dzezvishandiso zvemagetsi zvinoshandisa utsi: mhangura inonyorova uye inokanganisika pakupisa kuri pamusoro pe500℃, nepo zvinhu zvekudziisa zvakagadzirwa newaya dzedu dzenickel dzakachena zvichigona kushanda zvakadzikama pa1200℃ mumaovheni emaindasitiri kweanopfuura maawa 5000. Pakudziisa tembiricha yemukamuri (semuenzaniso, maheater ane simba shoma mumidziyo yemumba), mhangura inogona kusarudzwa kuderedza mitengo.
Zvinonyanya kukosha, kana mamiriro ezvinhu achida "kupinza kwemhangura + kupinza kwenickel," zvigadzirwa zvedu zve copper-nickel alloy (semuenzaniso, CuNi40) ndizvo zvinogadzirisa zvakanyanya - zvinochengetedza mukana wekufambisa kwemhangura (kupinza: 15×10⁶ S/m) ukuwo zvichidzivirira kupinza kwenickel (kupinza kwemvura yegungwa kwakafanana nenickel chaiyo), uye zvave zvichishandiswa zvakanyanya mumidziyo yegungwa nemidziyo yekubvisa munyu mumvura yegungwa.
Muchidimbu, kiyi yekusarudza pakati penickel nemhangura iri pakuti "ingave inodzivirira ngura, inodzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya, kana inodzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya": kana zvinhu izvi zvichidikanwa, nickel isarudzo yakavimbika; kana chete inodiwa conductivity yekutanga, mutengo wakaderera, uye kugadzirisa kuri nyore, copper ndiyo yakakodzera. Kana uchiri kusaziva nezvesarudzo yezvinhu, ndapota inzwa wakasununguka kutibata nesu—tinogona kupa mienzaniso yakagadzirirwa ye nickel, copper, uye copper-nickel alloys mukati memaawa makumi manomwe nemaviri zvichienderana nematanho ako emamiriro ezvinhu (semuenzaniso, zvinodiwa zvekupisa, zvepakati, conductivity),kukubatsira kunyatsoenderana nemhinduro yezvinhu.
Nguva yekutumira: Gumiguru-27-2025
