Vatsvaguriri veUS Department of Energy's (DOE) Argonne National Laboratory vane nhoroondo refu yekuwana zvinhu zvitsva mumunda wemabhatiri e lithium-ion. Zvakawanda zvezviwanikwa izvi ndezve cathode yebhatiri, inonzi NMC, nickel manganese uye cobalt oxide. Bhatiri rine cathode iyi ikozvino rinopa simba kuChevrolet Bolt.
Vaongorori veArgonne vakawana imwe budiriro muNMC cathodes. Chimiro chitsva chidiki checathode chechikwata ichi chinogona kuita kuti bhatiri rigare kwenguva refu uye rakachengeteka, richikwanisa kushanda pamagetsi akakwira uye kupa nzvimbo refu dzekufamba.
"Iye zvino tava nenhungamiro iyo vagadziri vemabhatiri vanogona kushandisa kugadzira zvinhu zve cathode zvine simba guru, zvisina muganhu," Khalil Amin, Argonne Fellow Emeritus.
"Macathode eNMC aripo anokonzera dambudziko guru pakushanda kwemagetsi akawanda," akadaro mubatsiri wekemisitiri Guiliang Xu. Nekutenderera kwechaji-kuburitsa simba, mashandiro anodzikira nekukurumidza nekuda kwekuumbwa kwemitswe muzvikamu zvecathode. Kwemakumi emakore, vaongorori vemabhatiri vanga vachitsvaga nzira dzekugadzirisa mitswe iyi.
Imwe nzira kare yaishandisa zvidimbu zvidiki zvakatenderera zvinoumbwa nezvidimbu zvidiki zvikuru. Zvikamu zvikuru zvakatenderera zvine makristalline akawanda, zvine nzvimbo dzakaita sekristalline dzakasiyana-siyana. Nekuda kweizvozvo, zvine zvinonzi nemasayendisiti miganhu yetsanga pakati pezvikamu, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kuti bhatiri ritsemuke panguva yekutenderera. Kuti vadzivise izvi, vashandi vaXu naArgonne vakambogadzira chifukidziro chepolymer chinodzivirira chakatenderedza zvidimbu chimwe nechimwe. Chifukidziro ichi chakatenderedza zvidimbu zvikuru zvakatenderera uye zvidimbu zvidiki zviri mukati mazvo.
Imwe nzira yekudzivirira rudzi urwu rwekutsemuka ndeyekushandisa zvidimbu zvekristaro imwe chete. Electron microscopy yezvidimbu izvi yakaratidza kuti hazvina miganhu.
Dambudziko rechikwata ichi raive rekuti macathode akagadzirwa nemapolycrystals akaputirwa uye makristaro madiki airamba achitsemuka panguva yekufamba nebhasikoro. Saka, vakaita ongororo yakakura yezvinhu izvi zvecathode paAdvanced Photon Source (APS) neCenter for Nanomaterials (CNM) paArgonne Science Center yeUS Department of Energy.
Kuongororwa kwakasiyana-siyana kweX-ray kwakaitwa pamaoko mashanu eAPS (11-BM, 20-BM, 2-ID-D, 11-ID-C uye 34-ID-E). Zvakazoonekwa kuti izvo masayendisiti aifunga kuti ikristaro imwe chete, sezvakaratidzwa ne electron ne X-ray microscopy, zvaive nemuganhu mukati. Kuskena nekutumira electron microscopy yeCNMs kwakasimbisa mhedziso iyi.
"Patakaongorora chimiro chepamusoro chezvikamu izvi, zvaitaridzika semakristaro mamwe chete," akadaro nyanzvi yefizikisi Wenjun Liu. “<“但是，当我們在APS 使用一种称為同步加速器X射线衍射显微镜的技术和其他技术时，我們发现边界隐藏在内部。” � <“但是 , 当 在 使用 使用 种 称為 同步 加速器 x 射线 显微镜的 技术 和 其他 智慧 , 我们在.""Zvisinei, patakashandisa nzira inonzi synchrotron X-ray diffraction microscopy nedzimwe nzira kuAPS, takaona kuti miganhu yacho yakanga yakavanzwa mukati."
Chinokosha ndechekuti, timu iyi yakagadzira nzira yekugadzira makristaro madiki asina miganhu. Kuedza masero madiki neiyi single-crystal cathode pamagetsi akakwira zvakanyanya kwakaratidza kuwedzera kwe25% mukuchengetwa kwesimba pahuwandu hweyuniti pasina kurasikirwa nekushanda mukati mematanho ekuyedza zana. Kusiyana neizvi, maNMC cathodes akaumbwa nemakristaro madiki ane interface yakawanda kana mapolycrystals akaputirwa akaratidza kudzikira kwesimba ne60% kusvika 88% muhupenyu humwe chete.
Kuverengwa kweatomu kunoratidza mashandiro ekuderedza cathode capacitance. Sekureva kwaMaria Chang, nyanzvi ye nanoscientist kuCNM, miganhu inogona kurasikirwa nemaatomu eokisijeni kana bhatiri richichajwa kupfuura nzvimbo dziri kure nadzo. Kurasikirwa kweokisijeni uku kunotungamira mukuderera kwesero.
"Kuverenga kwedu kunoratidza kuti muganhu unogona sei kutungamira mukuburitswa kweokisijeni pakumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, izvo zvinogona kutungamira mukushomeka kwekushanda," akadaro Chan.
Kubvisa muganhu kunodzivirira kushanduka kweokisijeni, nokudaro zvichivandudza kuchengetedzeka uye kugadzikana kwe cathode. Kuyerwa kwekushanduka kweokisijeni neAPS pamwe nechiedza chepamberi paLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory yeDhipatimendi reSimba reUS kunosimbisa mhedziso iyi.
"Iye zvino tine nhungamiro dzinogona kushandiswa nevagadziri vemabhatiri kugadzira zvinhu zve cathode zvisina miganhu uye zvinoshanda ne pressure yakanyanya," akadaro Khalil Amin, Argonne Fellow Emeritus. â�<“该指南应适用于NMC 以外的其他正极材料。” â�<“该指南应适用于NMC 以外的其他正极材料。”"Nhungamiro dzinofanira kushanda kune zvimwe zvinhu zve cathode zvisiri zveNMC."
Chinyorwa pamusoro pechidzidzo ichi chakabuda mujenari Nature Energy. Kuwedzera kuna Xu, Amin, Liu naChang, vanyori veArgonne ndiXiang Liu, Venkata Surya Chaitanya Kolluru, Chen Zhao, Xinwei Zhou, Yuzi Liu, Liang Ying, Amin Daali, Yang Ren, Wenqian Xu , Junjing Deng, Inhui Hwang, M Taonghai Zu Sun, M Taongjun, M Taong Zho, M. Masayendisiti kubva kuLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Wanli Yang, Qingtian Li, uye Zengqing Zhuo), Xiamen University (Jing-Jing Fan, Ling Huang uye Shi-Gang Sun) uye Tsinghua University (Dongsheng Ren, Xuning Feng uye Mingao Ouyang).
Nezve Argonne Center for Nanomaterials Center for Nanomaterials, imwe yenzvimbo shanu dzekutsvagisa nanotechnology muDhipatimendi reSimba reUS, ndiyo nzvimbo huru yenyika yekushandisa nanoscale inotsigirwa neUS Department of Energy's Office of Science. Pamwe chete, maNSRC anoumba suite yezvivakwa zvinopa vaongorori hunyanzvi hwepamusoro hwekugadzira, kugadzirisa, kutsanangura, uye kutevedzera zvinhu zve nanoscale uye vanomiririra mari yakawanda yekudyara muzvivakwa pasi peNational Nanotechnology Initiative. NSRC iri kuUS Department of Energy National Laboratories muArgonne, Brookhaven, Lawrence Berkeley, Oak Ridge, Sandia, neLos Alamos. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo nezveNSRC DOE, shanyira https://science.osti.gov/Us​er​-Fa​ci​ilit​​​​ie​s​/ ​Us​ er​-Fa​ci​i​l​it​ie​ie​s​-at​-a​Glance.
Advanced Photon Source (APS) yeDhipatimendi reSimba reUS kuArgonne National Laboratory ndeimwe yenzvimbo dzinoshanda zvikuru dzeX-ray pasi rose. APS inopa maX-ray akasimba kune nharaunda dzakasiyana-siyana dzekutsvaga mune zvesainzi yezvinhu, chemistry, condensed matter physics, life and environmental sciences, uye applied research. Aya maX-ray akanakira kudzidza zvinhu uye maumbirwo ezvipenyu, kugoverwa kwezvinhu, makemikari, magineti uye electronic states, uye masisitimu einjiniya akakosha emhando dzese, kubva kumabhatiri kusvika kuma nozzles emafuta, ayo akakosha kuhupfumi hwenyika yedu, tekinoroji uye hwaro hwehutano. Gore rega rega, vaongorori vanopfuura 5,000 vanoshandisa APS kuburitsa zvinyorwa zvinopfuura 2,000 zvinotsanangura zvakawanikwa zvakakosha uye kugadzirisa maumbirwo emapuroteni ezvipenyu akakosha kupfuura vashandisi veimwe nzvimbo yekutsvagisa yeX-ray. Masayendisiti nemainjiniya eAPS vari kushandisa matekinoroji matsva ari hwaro hwekuvandudza mashandiro eaccelerators uye masosi echiedza. Izvi zvinosanganisira michina yekuisa zvinhu inogadzira maX-ray akajeka zvikuru anokosheswa nevaongorori, malenzi anotarisa maX-ray kusvika kuma nanometer mashoma, zvishandiso zvinowedzera mashandiro anoita maX-ray nemuenzaniso uri kudzidzwa, uye kuunganidzwa nekutarisira kweAPS discovery Research inogadzira huwandu hwakawanda hwedata.
Chidzidzo ichi chakashandisa zviwanikwa kubva kuAdvanced Photon Source, iyo US Department of Energy Office of Science User Center inotungamirwa neArgonne National Laboratory yeUS Department of Energy Office of Science pasi pekondirakiti nhamba DE-AC02-06CH11357.
Argonne National Laboratory inoedza kugadzirisa matambudziko makuru esainzi netekinoroji yemuno. Seyekutanga rabhoritari yenyika muUnited States, Argonne inoita tsvakiridzo yepamusoro uye yakashandiswa mune zvese zvidzidzo zvesainzi. Vaongorori veArgonne vanoshanda pamwe chete nevaongorori vanobva kumazana emakambani, mayunivhesiti, uye masangano ehurumende, enyika, uye emakanzuru kuti vavabatsire kugadzirisa matambudziko chaiwo, kusimudzira hutungamiriri hwesainzi hweUS, uye kugadzirira nyika ramangwana riri nani. Argonne inoshandisa vashandi vanobva kunyika dzinopfuura makumi matanhatu uye inotungamirwa neUChicago Argonne, LLC yeUS Department of Energy's Office of Science.
Hofisi yeSainzi yeDhipatimendi reSimba reUS ndiyo inonyanya kutsigira tsvakurudzo yekutanga mune zvesainzi yefizikisi, ichishanda kugadzirisa mamwe ematambudziko anonyanya kukosha enguva yedu. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo, shanyira https://​energy​.gov/​science​ience.