Aluminium isimbi yakawanda kwazvo simbi uye ndiyo yechitatu chinhu chinowanzoitika chinosanganisira 8% yezvinhu zvepasi. Iko kuwanda kweAluminium kunoita kuti ive inonyanya kushandiswa simbi mushure me simbi.
Kugadzirwa kwe aluminium
Aluminium inotorwa kubva kumaminerari bauxite. Bauxite anoshandurwa kuAluminium oxide (Alumina) kuburikidza neBayer maitiro. Iyo Alumina inobva yatendeuka kune aluminium simbi uchishandisa maseru eElectrolytic uye maitiro eHorolt.
Gore regore rinodiwa nealuminium
Pasi rese kuda kweAluminium yakanangana nemamiriyoni makumi matatu nemakumi matatu emamironi ematani pagore. Anenge mamirioni makumi maviri emamiriyoni manhamba idzva aluminium uye manomwe emamiriyoni emamiriyoni anodzoserwa aluminium scrap. Iko kushandiswa kwekudzoreredzwa aluminium ndeyeupfumi uye zvakatipoteredza zvichimanikidza. Zvinotora 14,000 mkh kuburitsa 1 tonne yeNew aluminium. Kukurukurirana zvinotora chete 5% yeiyi yekuyeuka uye kudzokorora imwe tonne ye aluminium. Iko hakuna mutsauko mukukara pakati pemhandara uye kudzoreredzwa aluminium alloys.
Zvikumbiro zveAluminium
YakachenaAluminiumyakanyorova, Ducttile, Corrosion Inodzivirira uye ine magetsi akakwirira ekuita. Iyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kune foil uye convers tambo, asi kuwirirana nezvimwe zvinhu zvinodiwa kuti upe masimba epamusoro anodiwa kune mamwe maapplication. Aluminium ndeimwe yemasangano ekujekesa einjiniya, ane simba rekurema chiyero chepamusoro kusvika simbi.
Nekushandisa mabasa akasiyana siyana ezvivakwa zvacho zvakanaka, kureruka, kupokana, kusanzwisisika uye kuumbwa, Aluminium iri kushanda mune nhamba inowedzera yekushandisa. Iyi gadziriro yezvigadzirwa zvinobuda kubva kune zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira kuburikidza neyekutetepa mapepa ekuisa.
Alloy Designation
Aluminium inonyanya kufarirwa nemhangura, zinc, magnesium, silicon, manganese uye lithium. Kuwedzerwa kudiki kwe chromium, Titanium, Zirconium, Breater, Bismuth uye nickel yakagadzirwa zvakare uye simbi inogara iripo mune zvidiki zvidiki.
Kune anopfuura mazana matatu vakabikwa madhiri ane makumi mashanu mune zvakajairika kushandiswa. Ivo vanowanzo zivikanwa neine mana nhamba system iyo yakatangwa muUSA uye ikozvino yave kugamuchirwa pamwe chete. Tafura 1 inotsanangura iyo system yekuita kuti aitewo alloys. Kanda Alloys ane akafanana madhindiro uye shandisa manhamba mashanu maitiro.
Tafura 1.Dhizaina Yekugadzira Aluminium Alloys.
| Alloying Element | Takabata |
|---|---|
| Hapana (99% + Aluminium) | 1xxx |
| Copper | 2xxx |
| Manganese | 3xxx |
| Silicon | 4xxx |
| Magnesium | 5xxx |
| Magnesium + silicon | 6xxx |
| Zinc | 7xxx |
| Lithium | 8xxx |
Zvekusunungurwa chakaitwa Aluminium Alloys akasarudzwa 1xxx, manhamba maviri ekupedzisira anomiririra kuchena kwesimbi. Iwo akaenzana neyekupedzisira manhamba maviri ekupedzisira mushure mekunge aluminium kuchena kunoratidzwa kune iri pedyo ne1.01 muzana muzana. Iyo yechipiri manhamba inoratidza shanduko mune isina kuchena miganhu. Kana iyo yechipiri manhamba iz zero, inoratidza isina kugadziriswa aluminium ine yakasikwa yakasarudzika miganhu uye ne9, ratidza kusachena kwemunhu kana kuora zvinhu.
Kune iyo 2xxx kune 8XXX mapoka, mapoka maviri ekupedzisira anozivisa akasiyana aluminium aloys muboka. Iyo yechipiri manhamba inoratidza alloy modification. Iyo yechipiri manhamba e zero inoratidza iyo yekutanga Alloy uye inhamba 1 kusvika ku9 inoratidza kuteedzana maitiro ekugadzirisa.
Zvivakwa zvemuviri zve aluminium
Density ye aluminium
Aluminium ine dentity yakatenderedza chikamu chimwe chete chetatu chesimbi kana mhangura ichigadzira imwe yemasimbi akareruka mitezo. Mhedzisiro yakakwirira simba kune uremu chiyero chinoita kuti ive yakakosha midziyo yekugadzira inowedzera kubhadhara kana mafuta ekuchengetedza maindasitiri ekutakura kunyanya.
Simba reAluminium
Yakachena aluminium haina simba rakakwirira. Nekudaro, kuwedzera kwezvinhu zvekunyepedzera seManganese, Silicon, mhangura uye magapuri uye magapuri anogona kuwedzera masimba emidziyo yealuminium uye gadzira alloy nezvivakwa zvakarongedzwa kune kunyanya maapplication.
Aluminiuminokodzera kwazvo kunzvimbo dzinotonhora. Iyo ine mukana pamusoro pesimbi mune iyo 'simba raro rinowedzera nekudziya tembiricha paunenge uchichengeta kuoma kwayo. Simbi kune rumwe rutivi inova brontle pane yakaderera tembiricha.
Corrosion Rishance yeAluminium
Kana uchivhenekwa mumhepo, denderedzwa realuminium oxide mafomu anenge akangoita pakarepo pamusoro pealuminium. Iyi dura ine simba rakanakisa rekuita kuora. Izvo zvinokonzeresa kupokana neakanyanya acids asi kushoma kuramba kuAlkalis.
Thermal Distisivity yeAluminium
Iyo yekudonhedza nayo aluminium inenge kanenge katatu kupfuura iyo yesimbi. Izvi zvinoita aluminium zvinhu zvakakosha kune ese anotonhora uye ekudziya mashandisirwo akadai sekupisa-kutsinhana. Yakasanganiswa neiyo isiri-ine chepfu ichi chivakwa chinoreva aluminium inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumidziyo yekubheka uye kitchenware.
Magetsi ekuita kwe aluminium
Pamwe chete nemhangura, aluminium ine magetsi maitiro akakwira zvakakwana kuti ashandiswe semaketiti eMagetsi. Kunyangwe vafambisi veiyo vanowanzoshandiswa kuitisa kuitwa ne62
Kuratidzwa kweAluminium
Kubva kuUV kusvika infra-red, aluminium ifiramu yakanaka yeanopenya simba. Inoonekwa chiratidzo chekuratidzira kwekakatenderedza 80% zvinoreva kuti inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muchidimbu chechiedza. Izvo zvakafanana zvivakwa zvekuratidzira zvinogadziraAluminiumYakanakisa sechinhu chinosimbisa kuti chidzivirire kubva pamadziro ezuva muzhizha, asi uchisimbisa kurasikirwa kwekupisa munguva yechando.
Tafura 2.Zvivakwa zve aluminium.
| Chivakwa | Kukosha |
|---|---|
| Nhamba yeAtomi | 13 |
| Atomic uremu (g / mol) | 26.98 |
| Valency | 3 |
| Crystal chimiro | FCC |
| Inonyungudika pfungwa (° C) | 660.2 |
| Boiling Point (° C) | 2480 |
| Zvinoreva chaizvo kupisa (0-100 ° C) (cal / g. ° C) | 0.219 |
| Thermal Discount (0-100 ° C) (cal / cms. ° C) | 0.57 |
| Co-inoshanda yeLezerar Kuwedzera (0-100 ° C) (x10-6 / ° C) | 23.5 |
| Basa remagetsi pabasa pa20 ° C (°.cm) | 2.69 |
| Density (g / cm3) | 2.6898 |
| Modulus yeElasticity (GPA) | 68.3 |
| Poissons Ratio | 0.34 |
Mechanical Properties yeAluminium
Aluminium inogona kuremara zvakanyanya pasina kukundikana. Izvi zvinobvumidza aluminium kuti iumbwe nekudzungudza, kuendesa, kudhirowa, machining uye mamwe maitiro emuchina. Inogona zvakare kukandwa kune yakakwirira kushivirira.
Kujaira, kutonhora kushanda uye kupisa-kurapa kunogona kushandiswa kune zvese kugadzirisa zvinhu zve aluminium.
Simba reChilele reChinese Aluminium rakatenderedza 90 MPA asi izvi zvinogona kuwedzerwa kusvika kupfuura 690 MPA kune mamwe ekupisa-anorapa.
Aluminium zviyero
Iyo yekare BS1470 standard yakatsiviwa nemitemo yepfumbamwe. Mahwindo ezvinono anopihwa muTafura 4.
Tafura 4.En zviyero zve aluminium
| Standard | Scope |
|---|---|
| En485-1 | Maitiro ehunyanzvi ekuongorora uye kuendesa |
| En485-2 | Michina yezvivakwa |
| En485-3 | Mishonga yekupisa yakadzika |
| En485-4 | Mishonga yekutonhora yakatonhora |
| EN515 | Typfer Designations |
| EN573-1 | Numerical Alloy Dhizaini System |
| EN573-2 | Chemical Symbol Designation system |
| EN573-3 | Cemical Compositionsitions |
| EN573-4 | Zvigadzirwa mafomu mune akasiyana alloys |
Iyo engirozi inosiyana neyekare mwero, BS1470 munzvimbo dzinotevera:
- Makemikari emakemikari - asina kuchinjika.
- Alloy nhamba yekuverenga hurongwa - isina kuchinjika.
- Typfer Designations yekupisa inorapa alloys ikozvino inovhara huwandu hwakawandisa hwevanhu vanogwinya. Kusvikira kune mana manhamba mushure mekunge tisati tasunzwa kune zvisina kujairika application (eg T6151).
- Typfer Designations yeVasina kupisa zvinobata Nyoro (o) hasha ikozvino h11 uye yepakati temper h112 yakaunzwa. For alloy 5251 tempers are now shown as H32/H34/H36/H38 (equivalent to H22/H24, etc). H19 / H22 & H2 ikozvino zvinooneswa zvakasiyana.
- Mechancal Properties - Ramba zvakadaro kune yakapfuura nhamba. 0.2% STUPT STUMS ANOGONA KUVANZWA PANO PAMUSORO PEMUFANANIDZO ZVESE.
- Zvidhori zvakasimbiswa kune dzakasiyana siyana madhigirii.
Kupisa kurapwa kwe aluminium
Rudzi rwezvekuputsa marapirwo zvinogona kushandiswa kuAluminium Alloys:
- Homogenisation - kubviswa kwekusaririra nekudziya mushure mekukanda.
- Annalaling - inoshandiswa mushure mekutonhora kushanda kuti inyore-kuomesesa alloys (1xxx, 3xxx uye 5xxx).
- Precipitation kana zera rakaomarara (alloys 2xxx, 6xxx uye 7xxx).
- Solution inopisa kurapwa isati yambakara yekukwegura kwekunyepedzera kuomesa alloys.
- Kuronga kurapwa kwejasi
- Mushure mekurapa kwekupisa kwekukwana kunowedzerwa kune nhamba yekududzirwa.
- Iyo Suffix F zvinoreva "sekugadzirwa".
- O zvinoreva kuti "zvigadzirwa zvakanyudzwa zvakagadzirwa".
- Unoreva kuti rave "kupisa kurapwa".
- W zvinoreva kuti zvinyorwa zvave zvichemo kupisa kupisa.
- H inoreva kusava nekupisa kunobata madhiri ari "kutonhora akashanda" kana "kushushikana kwakaomeswa".
- Iyo isiri-yekupisa inobata madhiri ndevaya vari mu 3xxx, 4xxx uye 5xxx mapoka.
Kutumira Nguva: Jun-16-2021